Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business

Moderating Effect of External Monitory Mechanism on The Relationship Between Earnings Management and Profitability of Listed Petroleum Marketing Companies in Nigeria

Taophic BAKARE — 2025-05-08

This study investigates the relationship between earnings management and profitability of listed petroleum marketing companies in Nigeria and the moderating influence of external monitoring methods. Data for the years 2012 to 2022 were taken out of the sampled companies' annual reports. The results from the GMM estimator showed that the discretionary accrual, as well as the interaction between audit firm size and discretionary, have a significant impact on gross profit margin respectively. According to the study's findings, auditors are aware of earnings management, but they are far more concerned about it when their choices result in inflated rather than understated earnings. The likelihood of receiving a qualified audit report was unaffected by the interplay between audit firm size and discretionary accrual. However, this does not imply that auditors are ignorant of earnings management. The report suggests that methods for the quick detection of earnings management techniques be adopted to decrease the negative impact of earnings management on the profitability of listed petroleum marketing enterprises in Nigeria.

Empowering Women Food Entrepreneurs: Unveiling their Social Commerce Readiness and Digital Challenges

Faradewi Bee A. Rahman — 2025-05-08

This study investigates the readiness of women-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to engage in social commerce and its implications for business readiness. Utilizing a quantitative research design with purposive sampling, data were collected from 2024 women-owned SME owners through an online survey. The study reveals strong positive correlations between social commerce activities, technological information gaps, financial conditions, and the readiness of women-owned SMEs Specifically, increased engagement in social commerce significantly enhances business preparedness, while gaps in technological information and financial constraints pose substantial challenges. The findings point out the importance of bridging these gaps by providing adequate technological and financial support to empower women entrepreneurs in Kuala Selangor. Such support is crucial for fostering the growth and success of women-owned SMEs in the region's increasingly digitalized business landscape. Practically, the findings suggest that policymakers and support agencies should prioritize tailored training programs and financial support to empower women-owned SMEs with the tools and knowledge needed for successful engagement in social commerce. This study highlights the need for targeted policies and initiatives within Selangor to address these challenges, ensuring that women-owned SMEs in the region can fully participate in and benefit from the digital economy.

Determinants of Intention to Adopt the Nigerian Digital Currency, the eNaira: A Conceptual Framework

Marzuk Abdullahi — 2025-05-08

This research extends the Unified Theory of Adoption and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model by incorporating variables such as security, government regulatory, and a new moderating variable, technology awareness. This is achieved through an empirical review of relevant studies and the development of a conceptual framework for adopting Nigeria's digital currency, the eNaira. The proposed framework aims to guide future research on technology adoption in developing countries. Existing studies reveal that digital currencies have higher adoption rates in Western nations compared to non-Western ones. However, the distinct challenges and characteristics of emerging nations limit the direct application of findings from developed countries. Therefore, considering Nigeria's specific context, this study examines the critical factors influencing the intention to adopt the eNaira. These factors are integrated into a framework designed to address issues related to the adoption of eNaira among Nigerians. This research enhances and validates the UTAUT model, contributing to the academic literature. Practically, it offers insights into key factors that can improve eNaira adoption, supporting government organizations and policymakers in increasing the digital currency's adoption in Nigeria and any other developing country.

Tax Structures and Economic Growth: A Study of Asian Countries

Taufik Abd Hakim — 2025-05-08

This study aims to analyse the impact of total tax revenue and its structures on GDP per capita growth in 31 Asian countries. We estimate the results using the Static Panel Fixed Effects (within) regression with Driscoll and Kraay’s Standard Errors. The results suggest that increases in total tax revenue, taxes on income, profit and capital gain (direct taxes), and taxes on goods and services (indirect taxes) are associated with lower GDP per capita growth in Asian countries. In contrast, this study finds a significant and positive impact of taxes on property (other taxes), while labor taxes show an insignificant but positive impact on growth. We conclude that property taxes have a positive potential to sustain and promote higher growth, and the policymakers should consider to reduce both taxes on income and goods and services to encourage productivity and generate more consumption, which can stimulate economic growth in Asian countries.

Musharakah as a Funding Solution for Nigerian SMEs: A Viewpoint

Fatai Kayode Wahab — 2025-05-08

The sustainability and growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are crucial to the economic development every nation, particularly in developing economies like Nigeria, where access to conventional financing is often limited. This study explores the potential of Musharakah, a profit-sharing partnership model rooted in Islamic finance, as a viable funding solution for SMEs in Nigeria. Through a comprehensive analysis of Musharakah's framework, the study demonstrates how this model aligns with the financial needs and ethical considerations of SMEs within the region's socio-economic context. By reviewing data collected from SME owners, financial experts, and Islamic finance practitioners, the study assesses the potential impact of Musharakah on SME growth, financial inclusion, and overall economic stability in Nigeria. The findings indicate that Musharakah not only provides a flexible and ethical financing option but also fosters a more collaborative relationship between financial institutions and entrepreneurs.

Breaking Barriers: Women’s Ventures In The Digital Realm A Systematic Literature Review

Nuraini Abdullah — 2025-05-08

In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital platforms, the rise of women entrepreneurs has become increasingly prominent. Despite traditional barriers, more women enter digital entrepreneurship seeking flexibility and income contribution. However, challenges such as limited resources and societal norms persist. This paper presents a systematic literature review exploring the challenges, opportunities and dynamics of women's ventures in the digital realm. The study utilized a systematic literature review of research published between 2017-2024, sourced from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Thematic analysis is applied to classify findings into reasons and challenges driving female participation in digital entrepreneurship. The review identifies digital platforms as crucial for offering women flexibility and market accessibility, essential for managing work and family commitments. However, gender disparities, family responsibilities and limited access to resources remain significant barriers. This study contributes a comprehensive synthesis of existing literature on women's entrepreneurship in the digital space, highlighting the need for supportive ecosystems, policy interventions, funding and digital literacy programmes in fostering a more inclusive and equitable environment for women entrepreneurs to thrive.

Incorporating the Shariah-Based Quality Management Standard MS1900:2014 into Cooperatives: Another Growth Strategy?

Ummi Salwa Ahmad Bustamam — 2025-05-08

The Malaysian Standard (MS) 1900:2014 is a Shariah-compliant quality management system integrating universal ethical principles—such as justice, honesty, and discipline—into organizational processes. Endorsed by SIRIM, Malaysia’s standards body, MS 1900:2014 provides a framework for aligning Islamic principles with quality management practices. Since its initial certifications in 2008, adoption has grown steadily, with approximately 40 organizations certified by 2023, though implementation remains limited across Malaysia’s diverse institutional landscape, especially among cooperatives. Utilizing qualitative research methodology, a case study of eight cooperatives from Malaysia’s Top 100 List of 2022 offers insights into how MS 1900:2014 can enhance cooperative growth and performance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the Board of Cooperative Directors, Cooperative Managers, and SIRIM Principal Auditor. These findings emphasize the standard's potential not only for quality improvements but also for supporting sustainable economic growth within cooperative sectors. The research contributes to the understanding of quality management systems and their role in integrating Shariah-based principles for enhanced performance, benefiting cooperatives and the broader economy.

Theorizing the Halal Brand Association toward the Participation in Family Takaful Product: An Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour

Mohd Faizuddin Muhammad Zuki — 2025-05-08

This study examines the pivotal role of halal brand association (HBA) in influencing consumer participation in family takaful products through the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The research conceptualizes HBA as a critical variable impacting key TPB predictors—attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control—leading to increased participation in family takaful products. A qualitative approach systematically reviewed literature from reputable academic databases to develop a theoretical framework. The findings reveal that HBA enhances consumer attitudes, aligns with social expectations, and strengthens perceived behavioral control. Academically, this study contributes to the limited research on HBA in the takaful industry, providing new insights into consumer behavior in Islamic finance. Practically, it offers strategic guidance for Islamic financial institutions to leverage halal branding as a competitive advantage. By aligning financial products with Islamic ethical principles, this research underscores the dual importance of religious compliance and social responsibility in fostering consumer engagement and loyalty.

An Empirical Analysis of Buy Now, Pay Later Mechanism and Its Impact on Customer Retention in Digital Commerce

Lim Choon Song — 2025-05-08

The "Buy Now, Pay Later" (BNPL) mechanism has transformed e-commerce payment systems by providing consumers with enhanced financial flexibility. This study examines the influence of four key factors—interest rate, customer age, credit limit, and income level—on customer retention, aiming to elucidate the relationships among these variables. Utilizing a sample of 385 Malaysian consumers, the study employs both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The findings indicate that all four independent variables exert a significant positive impact on customer retention. Specifically, lower interest rates alleviate financial burdens, thereby fostering higher retention rates. Increased credit limits enhance purchasing power and financial flexibility, leading to sustained engagement with BNPL services. Younger consumers exhibit higher retention rates due to their preference for flexible payment solutions, while older users demonstrate consistent BNPL usage, contributing to long-term retention. Additionally, lower-income consumers rely more on BNPL to manage financial constraints, which results in higher retention within this demographic. Notably, usage frequency serves as a significant mediator between customer age and retention, as younger consumers' frequent BNPL usage partially accounts for their elevated retention rates. Conversely, interest rate, credit limit, and income level directly influence retention without substantial mediation by usage frequency. These findings provide valuable insights for e-commerce platforms and policymakers in optimizing BNPL frameworks to accommodate diverse consumer segments and enhance long-term customer loyalty.

Kesahan Kandungan Instrumen Efikasi Kendiri Keusahawanan Bagi Guru Pelatih Berdasarkan Indeks Kesahan Kandungan (CVI)

Zabidi Abdul Wahab — 2025-05-08

Efikasi kendiri keusahawanan guru pelatih boleh menentukan tahap kesediaan guru pelatih menerapkan elemen keusahawanan dalam bidang pengajian mereka. Maka, instrumen bagi mengukur efikasi kendiri keusahawanan perlu dikenalpasti dan disahkan. Kesahan kandungan adalah satu kaedah yang diperlukan untuk menilai kesesuaian instrumen menjadi alat ukur yang berkesan. Kajian ini akan menggunakan kaedah Indeks Kesahan Kandungan (Content Validity Indeks-CVI) untuk menilai kesahan kandungan instrumen. Instrumen yang dinilai mengandungi 23 item berdasarkan empat domain. Seramai lapan orang pakar telah dipilih melalui persampelan bertujuan untuk mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. Para pakar terdiri daripada lima orang pakar profesional dalam psikometrik, penilaian, psikologi pendidikan, bahasa, dan keusahawanan dan tiga orang pakar awam adalah pengamal penerapan elemen keusahawanan dalam bidang profesional masing-masing. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa instrumen yang dibina mempunyai kesahan kandungan yang relevan dan berpotensi menjadi instrumen yang dapat mengukur efikasi kendiri keusahawanan guru pelatih. Seterusnya analisis dan kajian lanjutan dicadangkan bagi menilai hubungan dan pengaruh antara efikasi kendiri keusahawanan dengan kesediaan penerapan elemen keusahawanan.