http://journal.umk.edu.my/index.php/jtrss/issue/feed 2021-12-31T09:13:34+00:00 Associate Professor Dr. Lee Seong Wei chiefeditor.jtrss@umk.edu.my Open Journal Systems <p><strong>Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)</strong> is published by Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) Press and managed by Faculty of Agro based Industry (FIAT). The editorial office is located at FIAT, UMK Jeli Campus. Experts from various academic backgrounds contribute ideas, time and expertise towards successful and quality publication of Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science. There is no <strong>Article Processing Charge (APC)</strong> for the Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science.</p> http://journal.umk.edu.my/index.php/jtrss/article/view/776 2021-12-31T05:10:27+00:00 Mohd Hafiz Jamaludin hafiz@umk.edu.my Zulhisyam A.K. zulhisyam.a@umk.edu.my Abdullah F.A. hafiz@umk.edu.my Yusoff A.M. hafiz@umk.edu.my Hasbollah H.R. hafiz@umk.edu.my

Tilapia is one of the fastest growing aquaculture productions in the world and understanding of its storage to ensure the quality of the fish before the product reaches consumer is important. Freezing changes a food physical state by changing water into ice when energy is removed in the form of cooling below freezing temperature and its effect on the quality of fish is widely studied. This present study evaluated the effect of frozen storage of tilapia fillet at -18°C over 120 days. The study revealed that all the chemical quality indices studied like pH (6.60±0.02 to 6.98±0.05), TVB-N (11.81±0.03 N/100g to 22.98±0.18 N/100g), TBA (0.03±0.02 mg malondialdehyde/Kg to 0.18±0.06 mg malondialdehyde/Kg) and PV (0.02±0.00 mEq/kg to 0.80±0.07 mEq/kg) increased in value over the 120 days of storage period. Meanwhile the sensory attribute of the fillet decreased for all parameters evaluated, but were still considered acceptable at the end of the storage period.

2021-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021 http://journal.umk.edu.my/index.php/jtrss/article/view/777 2021-12-31T07:32:30+00:00 Ikarastika Rahayu Abdul Wahab ikarastika@umk.edu.my Nikki S. H. Wong ikarastika@umk.edu.my Maria J. Santoz-Martinez ikarastika@umk.edu.my Fabio Boylan ikarastika@umk.edu.my

A newly reported alkaloid was isolated from the hexane extract of Choisya ternata Kunth. (Rutaceae) leaves, identified as 6,8-Dimethoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)quinolin-2-ol (choisyaternatine) (A), together with the known compounds skimmianine (B), lup-20(29)-en-3?-ol (lupeol) (C) and tecleamaniensine A (D). Compounds C and D are reported for the first time in this species. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with previously reported spectroscopic data. The structure of choisyaternatine was further confirmed based on X-ray data analysis. Anti-platelet activity of hexane extract, choisyaternatine and skimmianine was also evaluated. The extract was able to significantly inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation at all concentrations tested (25, 50 and 100 µg/ml). The new compound, choisyaternatine, has shown a significant inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation demonstrated in a concentration dependent manner from 250 µM. The concentrations which inhibit 50% of platelet aggregation (IC50) were found to be 564 µM for skimmianine and 698 µM for choisyaternatine. This is also the first report for the antiplatelet activity for this plant and these alkaloids using human platelets.

2021-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021 http://journal.umk.edu.my/index.php/jtrss/article/view/780 2021-12-31T07:46:05+00:00 Musbahu A Abubakar julaibib011@gmail.com Olayemi A. julaibib011@gmail.com Babatunde K. julaibib011@gmail.com

Microbiological contamination of vegetables occurs directly along the food chain resulting in a serious Health problem and consequently leading to death during the acute phase of the microbial infection. A total of 15 different samples were randomly purchased and analyzed for the presence of enteropathogenic organisms. Enumeration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, fungi and coliform counts were carried out using standard procedures which is the use of most probable numbers (MPN). Isolation and identification of some pathogens was also carried out using standard procedures. The mean count of all the three (3) different samples (cucumber, tomato and lettuce) were exceeded the maximum acceptable limit (105cfu/g/ml) set by the Food and Agricultural Organizations (FAO). The highest mean count for both bacteria and fungi in all the 15 samples; cucumber with 1.52x105 cfu/g of bacteria and 1.01x105 cfu/g of fungi, tomato with 1.34x105 cfu/g of bacteria and 1.06x105 cfu/g of fungal, whereas, lettuce with 1.18x105 and 1.29x105 of bacteria and fungi respectively. Out of 15 different samples examined the occurrence of enteropathogenic organisms in all the sample were found to be 65% of cucumber while tomato had 60% followed by lettuce with 60%. This shows that cucumber samples are more contaminated due to the higher percentage of occurrence the enteropathogenic organisms in it. The results indicated that the vegetable samples examined in this study did not meet bacteriological quality standards. The implications of the results on human and environmental health are discussed.

2021-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021 http://journal.umk.edu.my/index.php/jtrss/article/view/781 2021-12-31T07:52:11+00:00 Mohd Iswadi Ismail iswadi@dvs.gov.my

Most of the coronaviruses are known because they are pathogens of veterinary and economic importance or of social importance. The current knowledge on the origin, diversity, evolution of coronaviruses, as well as treatment and prevention strategies, and their impact on animal industries are discussed in this paper. The contribution factors for the outbreak of pathogenic coronaviruses and the potential of spill over of zoonotic coronaviruses to humans are also highlighted in this review paper.

2021-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021 http://journal.umk.edu.my/index.php/jtrss/article/view/784 2021-12-31T08:11:06+00:00 Arnab Mazumder arnabmazz@gmail.com Md. Bahuddin Sikder arnabmazz@gmail.com Md. Saiful Islam arnabmazz@gmail.com Md. Munjurul Haque arnabmazz@gmail.com Sajid Hamid Talukder arnabmazz@gmail.com

In Bangladesh, the lightning during a thunderstorm has recently been officially declared as natural disaster, resulting in numerous fatalities each year, especially in the country's northeast. This study aims to look into the relationships between lightning and climatic variables, the spatial distribution of deaths, people's perceptions of the disaster's consequences and adaptation measures, and the influencing factors that make people victims in Sunamganj District. Several statistical approaches, such as descriptive statistics, correlation, and the Mann-Kendall Test, were used to meet the study objectives by examining time series data of climatic variables, lightning events, and household survey data. The data imply that lightning strikes have a positive and statistically significant relationship with climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, and air pressure. Moreover, that lightning strikes may become more common in the future as climatic variables increase. The perceived consequences of lightning strikes include disruption of human life, injury, damage and or burning of environmental and infrastructural elements, etc. Going outside during a thunderstorm and/or remaining outside during a thunderstorm are the primary factors contributing to a tragic accident. Those who were engaged in income-generating activities during the monsoon, like agricultural operations such as Boro Rice farming and fishing, were the most vulnerable to this hazard. Therefore, several adaptation strategies, including house safety and facilitating emergency shelter; assisting victim families for recovery and rehabilitation; travelling in covered vehicles during a thunderstorm; and disseminating knowledge about proper lightning safety measures, outside movement during a thunderstorm, and first aid information for initial treatment through awareness building campaign should be implemented to reduce the number of casualties.

2021-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021 http://journal.umk.edu.my/index.php/jtrss/article/view/789 2021-12-31T09:09:35+00:00 Nazahatul Anis Amaludin nazanis@umk.edu.my Nur Aina Ab Majid nazanis@umk.edu.my Nor Nadia Mohd Zulkafli nazanis@umk.edu.my Nur Anis Zarifa Zamri nazanis@umk.edu.my Siti Azieza Ahmad Zu nazanis@umk.edu.my Muhammad Firdaus Abdul Karim nazanis@umk.edu.my Radhiah Zakaria nazanis@umk.edu.my Shamsul Khamis nazanis@umk.edu.my

Coastal areas are environmentally sensitive areas filled with various local inhabitants focusing on the tree species ecosystem continuing to develop according to its environment. Pantai Sabak is one of the well-known eroded beaches in Kelantan due to the natural phenomenon, tidal wave erosion. This study aimed to identify the species availability and determine the species abundance, density, frequency, and diversity found in Pantai Sabak, Kelantan. Certain native species and common tree species at the coastline area are still available, such as Nypa fruticans and Ipomoea pes-caprae. Shocking results are achieved whereby the shoreline area has been degraded by the tidal wave and shoving away some species such as Cocos nucifera. Due to the situation, the coastal area has reached the mangrove area resulted in the species along the transect line is mangrove species namely Excoecaria agallocha. Another species achieved were shrubs and it showed Pantai Sabak has been severely damaged. A total of 1,350 individuals of 30 species from 30 genera belong to 22 families were recorded along two kilometres transect line. By using the diversity index which is Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) value is 2.99, Shannon-Wiener Maximum Index (H’max) is 3.40 while Shannon Evenness (EH) is 0.88. These results showed the area of the study is still diverse in species hence dominated by shrubs such Lantana camara. Hence, this study only focuses on the species diversity ecosystem, not the causes of the occurrence that occurred.

2021-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021 http://journal.umk.edu.my/index.php/jtrss/article/view/786 2021-12-31T08:42:57+00:00 Abdul Rashed N. S. hafiz@umk.edu.my Abdullah F. A. hafiz@umk.edu.my Yusoff A. M. hafiz@umk.edu.my Hasbollah H. R. hafiz@umk.edu.my Ahmad M. I. hafiz@umk.edu.my Razab M. K. A. A hafiz@umk.edu.my Zulhisyam A.K. hafiz@umk.edu.my Mohd Hafiz Jamaludin hafiz@umk.edu.my

Fish crackers are deep fried crackers normally made using fish and starch, and is a well known snack in South East Asia. Formulation of the fish crackers plays an important role not just in the quality of the product, but also for branding. In this study, fish formulation using tilapia and otoshimi was used which was added with sago as the starch base. A tilapia-based formulation of 1:1 with Sago showed good puffing with the highest expansion percentage at 4.21±0.66 and lowered hardness (2832.0±437.97 N/cm2) compared to the other formulations. Meanwhile, although increase expansion was associated with increase oil absorption, the 1:1 ratio of tilapia to sago had lower oil absorption percentage (4.20±0.86) compared to increasing sago in the formulation (1:1:4, Tilapia, Otoshimi, Sago which had oil absorption percentage of 6.53±3.22 %, and 1:0:2 which had oil absorption percentage of 5.50±1.37). Although the overall quality does not reflect a good quality cracker, it was interesting to note that tilapia alone with sago showed better expansion, low oil absorption and reduce hardness.

2021-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021 http://journal.umk.edu.my/index.php/jtrss/article/view/790 2021-12-31T09:13:34+00:00 Nchedochukwu Clara Ikegbunam okwong56@gmail.com Okwong John Walter okwong56@gmail.com

Six honey samples were collected from various locations in Anambra and Enugu states in southeastern Nigeria and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics and mineral composition. pH, moisture, protein, fats, ash, polyphenol, free acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and sugar were among the physicochemical parameters studied. Minerals such as potassium, calcium, zinc, magnesium, sodium, cadmium, and lead were also investigated. The samples had pH values ranging from 4.00 - 4.40. Moisture content ranged from 8.95% - 14.30%, ash 0.21 - 0.54%, protein 0.21- 0.74%, fat 0.00 - 0.50%, polyphenol 2.75 - 12.00%; free acidity 33.60 - 89.890 meq kg-1 and HMF 18.70 - 75.43 mg/kg. The sugar assays revealed that all of the honey samples contained the appropriate quantity of sugar for acceptable quality honey, albeit there were substantial variances in the values recorded across the locations. The mineral composition revealed that potassium was the most abundant element, followed by zinc, calcium, magnesium, and sodium. In the samples, no cadmium or lead was found. The results of the evaluated honey samples revealed that the majority of the measured parameters recorded met international standards, indicating that they were safe for human consumption.

2021-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021 http://journal.umk.edu.my/index.php/jtrss/article/view/787 2021-12-31T08:51:26+00:00 Suhaila Ab Hamid ahsuhaila@usm.my Izrena Othman ahsuhaila@usm.my Nor Amalina Ramli ahsuhaila@usm.my

Freshwater snail is known to be an intermediate host for parasites. However, little is known on terrestrial snails whether they can become host for any parasites as well. The identification of the land snails also need confirmation as there are disagreements on the classification result of land snail species. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of snail parasites in livestock and poultry farms from Penang and Kedah, Malaysia. Identification of the snail species was conducted based on the morphological features and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene analysis. Out of 105 individual snails collected, four species were found in this study with the highest prevalence of 47.62% (50/105) snails identified as Physella acuta followed by Macrochlamys sp. with 31.4% (33/105). While 14.3% (15/105) were identified as Physella cubensis and the lowest prevalence was identified as Filopaludina sp. with 6.7% (7/105). Among these four species, only Physella acuta and Macrochlamys sp. were found to be infected with helminth parasites namely trematode and nematode. Macrochlamys sp. recorded the highest prevalence of parasitic infection with the prevalence of 87.9%. Besides, there are 134 of endoparasite and 36 of ectoparasite found in this study namely, Barchylaima fuscatum (helminth), 3 unknown nematode, and 36 Riccardoella limacum or slug mite which was found on the surface and in the mantle cavity of the snails.

2021-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021 http://journal.umk.edu.my/index.php/jtrss/article/view/788 2021-12-31T09:04:25+00:00 Nur Badrina Mohammad Naser sitikhairiyah@uitm.edu.my Wafiqah Ismail sitikhairiyah@uitm.edu.my Norashirene Mohamad Jamil sitikhairiyah@uitm.edu.my Nur ‘Aliyaa Nizam sitikhairiyah@uitm.edu.my Kamarul Ariffin Hambali sitikhairiyah@uitm.edu.my Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta sitikhairiyah@uitm.edu.my

The study was performed to determine the diversity and distribution of Hymenoptera across the environmental gradient ranging from fringe forest, mid forest to inner forest. The study was conducted in a selected area of Tuba Island Forest Reserve from 17th to 21st September 2020 using Malaise trap, an insect capturing trap. During this study, a total of 133 individuals of Hymenoptera were sampled from 12 families and 27 morphospecies. Hymenoptera was most abundantly found in the forest fringe with 64 individuals (11 families, 25 morphospecies) and least abundant in the inner forest with 26 individuals (7 families, 8 morphospecies). The top three highest number of individuals recorded were Formicidae (43 individuals), Braconidae (28 individuals) and Ichneumonidae with 27 individuals. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H') showed that the forest fringe had the highest diversity value with H'=1.80 while the lowest was recorded in the mid forest with H'=1.43. The Evenness Index (E’) was highest at mid forest (E’=0.81) and the Margalef Richness Index (R’) value recorded the highest at forest fringe indicating a high species richness with R’=2.40. Kruskal-Wallis test reveals that the distribution of Hymenopterans from the forest fringe to the inner forest did not differ significantly with P>0.05. High similarities in microclimate variables (monsoon season, temperature, humidity, and light intensity), resources availability, forest features, hiding places, and the presence of predators are among the factors influencing the homogeneity of the composition and abundance of Hymenoptera in Tuba Island. This study is the first checklist of Hymenoptera in Tuba Island and can be utilised as a baseline dataset for further ecological research at Tuba Island.

2021-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021