Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)

Freshwater fishes of Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus: a preliminary checklist

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The fish fauna was surveyed in Sungai Buloh and Sungai Lachang which flow through the Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) Jeli Campus area. Both rivers are tributaries of the Sungai Golok drainage, which runs through Kelantan state and serves as a major border between Malaysia and Thailand. The objectives of this study were to document fish species checklist distribution within Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus and accessed the status of freshwater fishes, according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The fish sampling was conducted in February and May 2022 in two sampling point inside UMK Jeli Campus area. During the survey period, 40 native species from 18 different families were identified and documented. Family Cyprinidae recorded the highest number of total species with 25% of total species followed by family Danionidae, 10% and family Balitoridae, 10%. The introduced species, Oreochromis niloticus, was not observed during the survey, despite the fact that the species is commonly used for aquaculture activities on campus.

Keywords: Fish, fauna, river, freshwater, checklist

Productivity and nature of compatibility in mixed pasture of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Kluang comel and Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184 under different planting ratio

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the productivity and compatibility between Brachiaria decumbens cv. Kluang Comel and Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184 under different planting ratios. The experiment consisted of five treatments with different planting ratios of B. decumbens and Stylo in each treatment. The forages were harvested manually from each poly bag individually after 7 weeks from the first cut back. The samples were analyzed for crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin. The mixture of B. decumbens and Stylo at a 50:50 planting ratio produced the highest yield per hectare. The leaf percentage of grass was the highest in the mixture of B. decumbens and Stylo at 75:25 planting ratio, while the leaf percentage of legume was the highest in the mixture of B. decumbens and Stylo at 75:25 planting ratio. Higher crude protein content was observed in the 50:50 and 25:75 planting ratios due to the higher population of legume. The calcium percentage was the highest at the mixture of B. decumbens and Stylo at 25:75 planting ratio. The most preferable planting ratio is 50:50 of Brachiaria decumbens cv Kluang Comel and Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184 mixture.

Advances in spermatogonial stem cell research: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis

Mashitah ShikhMaidin, Mohammed, N.H. — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are an exceptionally rare group of testicular cells that give rise to all subsequent male germ cells, the basis of spermatogenesis and male fertility. The SSCs have shown great potential in livestock breeding systems, medical applications, and genetic conservation of endangered species. In this study, we used bibliometric analysis to assess worldwide research trends in the SSCs area based on publication outputs, co-authorships among authors, and affiliated countries. A systematic review was performed to discuss: 1) current drawbacks in developing the SSCs culture system, 2) current progress in SSC transplantation in various species, and 3) potential applications of the male germline stem cells. Results of the bibliometric analysis on the Scopus database showed a total of 2171 research articles issued between 1965 to 2023. With a consistent annual publication of more than 100 articles, it was suggested that a strong interest in SSC research started in the last 11 years. About 54% of the total global publications were contributed by researchers from the United States of America (USA) and China, leading the other 59 countries/territories. The studies highlighting and discussing SSCs from the present future and prospects are useful to researchers, academicians, and policymakers.

A review on Acetes morphological and molecular identification, and its distribution

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This review explores some aspects of Acetes spp., which covers its morphological and molecular identification and geographical distribution. Identification methods, including morphological and molecular approaches, are presented to improve the understanding of Acetes spp. diversity. The review explores the global distribution of each species of Acetes. The information presented serves as a foundational resource for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts interested in the various aspects of Acetes spp.

Comparative Growth Performances of Saanen Does in Traditional Wooden and Aluminium Galvanized Iron Housing System

FATIN OMAR, ASMAD KARI, ROSLAN AWANG, CONNIE FAY KOMILUS — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Growth performance can be used as indicator to utilize the general adaptability of the farm animal in the housing system. This study was done to evaluate the impact of traditional wooden and aluminium galvanized iron houses on growth performance of Saanen does for a period of three months. Twelve, aged nine to twelve months old Saanen does with average weight 24.6 ± 1.2 kg was randomly were assigned to each housing types (n = 6 per group). Live weights were recorded weekly, and total weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) were analysed using non-parametric tests. The results revealed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in weekly weight gain or average daily gain (ADG) between the two housing types. However, the traditional wooden house (weekly weight gain: 0.69 ± 0.2 kg, ADG: 98.22 ± 23.4 g) demonstrated slightly higher compared to the aluminium galvanized iron house (weekly weight gain: 0.60 ± 0.1 kg, ADG: 85.32 ± 16.4 g). Weekly growth trends revealed steady weight increases with temporary stagnation around weeks 4–6 due to feed supply challenges. These findings confirm that both housing systems provide adequate environments for the physiological development of Saanen does. The study supports the feasibility of aluminium galvanized iron housing as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for small ruminant farming in Malaysia.

Insect diversity and guild composition in seasonal tropical fruit orchards

Muhammad Amirul Mukmin Ahmad, Ahmad Mustaqim Rahim, Suhaila Ab Hamid — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Tropical seasonal fruit orchards are dynamic ecosystems that support a wide range of insect species, contributing significantly to regional biodiversity and various ecological functions. This study aims to assess the diversity and guild structure of insects in fruit orchards in Northern Malaysia during both the off-season (December 2022–January 2023) and the flowering season (February 2023 – April 2023). Insects were collected using pheromone traps, malaise traps, and sticky traps across four locations in Penang and Kedah, Malaysia. A total of 1,930 individual insects, representing 11 orders and 56 families, were captured during the off-season, while 4,569 individuals from 11 orders and 58 families were recorded during the flowering season. Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) was the most abundant family during the off-season (688 individuals), whereas Tephritidae (Diptera) dominated the flowering season (1,863 individuals). The flowering season exhibited greater insect diversity (H’=2.134) and evenness (E=0.526), although the off-season had higher species richness (IMargalef = 7.27). In terms of guild structure, pests were the dominant insect guild in both seasons, followed by pollinators. By comparing the relative abundance across the two seasons, pest abundance increased from the off-season to the flowering season, while pollinator abundance significantly decreased. This finding provides valuable insights into the insect fauna within the fruit orchards which can contribute to a better understanding of insect ecology and aid in the development of sustainable pest management strategies.

Effect of Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer and Glyphosate Application in Brassica rapa var. chinensis

Nurdiana Ab. Kadir, Norhafizah Md. Zain, Dex Elvin Kennedy — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Nitrogen fertilizers and herbicides are used in excessive and disproportionate quantities to increase crop yields. However, apart from being taken by the crops or weeds, these agrochemicals above the threshold level pollute the soil. Thus, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the physical growth and oxidative stress of Brassica rapa var. chinensis (Bok choy) when exposed to different rates of nitrogen fertilizer and herbicide (glyphosate). The soil was treated with urea fertilizer at 0.0 kg N ha^-1 (T0), 70.0 kg N ha^-1 (T1), 80.0 kg N ha^-1 (T2), 90.0 kg N ha^-1 (T3), and 115.0 kg N ha^-1(T4); with 0.5 kg ai ha^-1glyphosate.

The height of B. rapa significantly reduces with the application of glyphosate at N-treated soil at 80, 90 and 115 kg N ha^-1. Similarly, the root length of B. rapa was significantly reduced at all urea and glyphosate treatments (T1-T4). Nevertheless, shoot fresh weight was observed to be less susceptible; with stimulated growth (p<0.05) was recorded at all single application of urea except at 80.0 kg N ha^-1(CT2 and T2). The leaf diameter of B. rapa was greatly promoted at all single urea application but reduced with the application of glyphosate, with smallest diameter was recorded at T2. However, no significant effects on chlorophyll contents were detected across treatment combinations. Glyphosate alone caused the highest injury level to the leaf membrane seven times higher than the control, with the root recorded with the lowest injury level. The root membrane leakage showed a higher injury level at T1 and T2, two to three times higher than the control, respectively. Therefore, this study suggests that B. rapa gave various responses to urea and glyphosate toxicity when applied both by single and a combination of treatments. B. rapa was found to be more sensitive to glyphosate efficacy when urea was supplied at 80 kg N ha^-1 than other fertilizer concentrations.

Advances in Ecological Modeling: Tools, Approaches, and Future Perspectives

Maria Liza Toring-Farquerabao, Albaris Tahiluddin, Angelica Bermil — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

An ecological model serves as a simplified representation of a real-world system, aiming to capture our current understanding of its functioning through the use of mathematical relationships, computer code, and rules. Ecological modeling gained remarkable popularity as a tool in environmental management during the 1970s. Over time, various tools and approaches for ecological modeling have been invented and developed. Ecological models play a crucial role in supporting environmental decision-making by predicting ecological consequences and helping achieve societal objectives. This paper aims to review recent model types, approaches, and tools used by ecologists by consolidating peer-reviewed research articles published from 1984 to 2023. The results revealed that researchers employ unique model types to address specific ecosystem situations. These model types include dynamic, population dynamic, static, structurally dynamic, artificial neural networks, fuzzy, individual-based, and cellular automata, ecotoxicological, spatial, stochastic, and hybrid/integrated models. Each model has limitations in its application and is suitable for specific situations. However, integrated/hybrid models are recommended as they combine multiple model types, enhancing their effectiveness. Different model approaches such as Ecopath, Ecosim, Ecospace, Ecotroph, and Ecopath with Ecosim are utilized for modeling ecosystems and predicting outcomes amidst disturbances caused by anthropogenic factors, fishing impacts, and climate change. These model approaches greatly contribute to our understanding of ecosystems. However, despite the variety of methods available, authors still encounter challenges when using these methods, leading to the evolution and refinement of additional approaches and tools that will continue to emerge in the future.

Factors Influence the Acceptance of Smart Farming Technologies (SFTs) among Youth in Higher Learning Education in Malaysia

Nurul Aziemah Majid, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris, Jasmin Arif Shah — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Smart farming, a modern approach that integrates technology and innovation into agricultural practices, presents a compelling opportunity to attract young people to the agricultural sector. This approach has the potential to transform youth perceptions of agriculture, shifting it from a perceived outdated and unappealing career path to a viable and profitable option. Therefore, this research aims to determine the factors influencing the acceptability of Smart Farming Technologies (SFTs) among youth in selected public universities. Findings indicate that all factors exhibited strong positive correlations (>0.6) with the adoption of SFTs among youth. Attitude emerged as the most influential factor, followed by knowledge and awareness, demonstrating the highest standardized coefficient (0.406) and t-value (7.034). These results suggest that a positive attitude towards SFTs is a critical factor in influencing their acceptance among young people. This study emphasizes the crucial role of knowledge, attitude, and awareness in both promoting SFTs among youth and empowering them to facilitate the adoption of agricultural technology.

A Systematic Review of Empty Pesticide Container (EPC) Practices and Associated Factor in Agriculture Sector

Hanania Mirza Mustafa, Latifah Abd Manaf, Abu Hanifah Mohammad Ramli — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This systematic literature review explores the current state of empty pesticide container (EPC) disposal practices among farmers and the factors influencing these practices. The review identified 34 research articles and official reports that examined EPC disposal methods in the agricultural sector. The findings revealed that leaving empty containers at the farm and throwing them in irrigation canals were common disposal practices in several countries, posing environmental risks. Recycling and selling EPC were less prevalent, highlighting the need for improved infrastructure and awareness. Factors such as age, education, knowledge, training, facilities, and government regulations were found to influence farmers' disposal practices. The review underscores the importance of education, training, awareness campaigns, and supportive policies in promoting proper EPC disposal. Future research should address the identified limitations and explore the environmental and health impacts of different disposal methods in diverse contexts.

Mango Pulp Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Sternochetus frigidus Interaction with Mango Volatile Compound

Nur Aisyah Abdul Malik, Suhaila Ab Hamid — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sternochetus frigidus, commonly known as the mango pulp weevil, threatens mango trees. The current study evaluated the infestation of this weevil and its influence by the volatile compound of the mango species: Mangifera indica (mangga epal) and M. odorata (kuinin). The length from the mango skin to the location of the weevil found was measured. The mango peel and pulp were extracted for volatile compound determination using gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) headspace concentration methods. Results demonstrated a higher number of larvae, pupae, and adults of S. frigidus on M. odorata (100%) than M. indica (70%). The higher infestation level was demonstrated by M. odorata, which had higher amine and monoterpene hydrocarbon concentrations. The study found only M. indica contained phenolandrene and copaene compounds, which were not found in M. odorata. Mangifera odorata contained linalool, limonene, and terpinene which was not found in M. indica. These compounds can be good pheromone-trapping lures for controlling mango pulp weevils.

Estimating Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Cocopeat-Perlite Mixtures Using RETC Software

Wan Fazilah Fazlil Ilahi, Nur Syaffiqa Izleen Rosdi, Safwah Adani Zainuddin — Sun, 29 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cocopeat in soilless culture needs to be mixed with other coarser substrate to increase aeration medium. Hydraulic conductivity is fluid ability measurement to flow through pore spaces happens in saturated and unsaturated conditions. This study focused to estimate cocopeat-perlite unsaturated hydraulic conductivity using RETC software. 6 treatments were used, 100% cocopeat act as control treatment (T1), while treatments with different cocopeat-perlite ratio (T2=3 cocopeat:1 perlite;T3=2 cocopeat:1 perlite;T4=1 cocopeat:1 perlite;T5=1 cocopeat:2 perlite;T6=1 cocopeat:3 perlite) has been use for cocopeat-perlite unsaturated conductivity determination. Results obtained were compared using van Genuchten–mualem model, van Genuchten–Burdine and Brooks-and-Corey model with RETC software. Increase in perlite ratio, increases the hydraulic conductivity changes rate as the porosity in substrate increase, thus increase in plant roots aeration. T2 and T3 served as aeration improvement for cocopeat medium without rapid water loss in crop cultivation. In comparing results in Brooks-and-Corey and van Genuchten-Mualem, the derivation of hydraulic conductivity is increases as approaching to saturation point. However, to obtain accurate results when n is larger than 2, the van Genuchten model was preferable due to no bubbling pressure effect that may resulting in discontinuity happened near slopes at saturation point.

Molecular identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) associated genes in Kelantan, Malaysia

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Over the years, Klebsiella pneumoniae especially ESBL-producers type has become a global concern. Frequent reports on resistance reaction to a wide range of available antibiotics have resulted in uncontrolled hospital outbreaks. It is a therapeutic obstacle that must be overcome. This study was conducted to profile the microbiological characterization and antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The bacteria strain undergoing the biochemical tests and disk-diffusion susceptibility tests, respectively. Additionally, the molecular targeted ESBL-producer genes were established through PCR amplification to distinguish the ?-lactamase type of the ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. All isolates were confirmed as ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with biochemical characterization of acidic, yellow, rupture medium, positive Urease and Citrate test, and negative Indole test. Following the susceptibility test, the ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed resistance to tested Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Trimethoprim, Ampicillin, Nalidixic Acid, and Cephalothin. Lastly, the PCR amplification successfully identified at least one or more ?-lactamase types in all isolates. The identified ?-lactamase consists of TEM, OXA, SHV, CTX-M-1, and CTX-M-9. The presence of at least one or more of the ?-lactamase gene in the Klebsiella strain should be taken seriously by the clinicians as the gene is capable to developed multidrug antibiotic resistance. Further and additional researches need to be implored to fully understand the capabilities of ESBL-producer type bacteria.

A Case Survey on the Living Habits and Awareness of Food Waste Composting in Layang-Layang, Johor

Fui Ying Tsan, Mohamad Nadzrin Norisam — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Food waste management is a critical issue in modern urban landscapes. This study investigated the living habits and awareness of food waste composting in Kampung Jaya SC Sepakat community, Layang-Layang, Johor. An analysis of 273 participants in the survey study revealed that the community had varied living habits and the rates of food waste composting ranged from 40% to 80%. There was a clear correlation between knowledge about composting and the adoption of sustainable behaviors that minimized food waste within this community. A significant number of participants also demonstrated knowledge of household composting equipment and stated a strong inclination to make use of it. The study has generated valuable insights for potential food waste management practices and environmental organizations in the efforts of food waste reduction and composting.

Effects of different concentrations of Aspergillus niger on fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of Napier grass silage

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Napier grass is considered to be low-quality grass due to its low nutritional value. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of Aspergillus niger on the improvement of Napier grass silage quality. The plants were mixed with 7% molasses and A. niger at a rate of 0 (T0), 10⁶ (T1) and 10⁷ spores/ml (T2). Each kg of plant materials was mixed with 10.7ml fungal substrate and ensiled for 45 days. According to the results of this study, the pH tended to decrease with an increased rate of A. niger, while the lactic acid content tended to increase. The T1 silage showed lower (p<0.05) ash content than others. Non-significant (p>0.05) differences were observed on other proximate components. An increasing trend was observed in crude protein content with an increasing rate of A. niger, while no consistent trend was observed in crude fibre content. In conclusion, A. niger could be used as an additive to enhance the silage quality, but further research is needed to know the nature of the mode of action of A. niger in silage.

Land suitability Analysis for Sustainable Agriculture Development using Multi-Criteria Analysis and Machine Learning Techniques: Case Study of Shibpur Upazila

Md. Islamul Haque Shawon, Md. Abu Suphiyan, Salman — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Assessing the suitability of crops is crucial for determining a plot of land's capacity for producing crops sustainably. The primary objectives of this study are to conduct a land suitability analysis for sustainable agricultural development and to develop a land information system with crop recommendations. In this study, land suitability categorization and crop recommendations were produced while taking into account many criteria such as slope, elevation, land cover, low flood risk, soil moisture, and favorable soil. Land suitability is categorized into three categories: most suitable, suitable, and less suitable. The results of the land use map analysis show that agricultural land is 57% of total land. Out of total agricultural land, 19.44% is most appropriate for agriculture, while 32.22% is suitable and 48.34% is less suitable. The research conducted here developed a Mouza Plot-wise Land Information System (LIS) that is placed on a cloud server, providing simplicity of use and flexibility. This system helps people or local authorities to know if this land is suitable, less suitable, or not suitable for Agriculture.

A theoretical review of flood and its social-economic impacts

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research employed Google’s engine to investigate 48 journals, newspapers, and government reports to identify the trend of research related to floods. It was found that Southeast Asia countries like Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia are relatively giving less attention to flooding issue, particularly on disaster preparedness, risk factors and perception, hazard assessment, uncertainty analysis and vulnerability in buildings. Nine theories and models were reviewed; a conceptual framework was developed based on behavioural decision theory (BDT), Protective Action Decision Model (PADM), Rational Actor Paradigm (RAP), expectancy-valence models (EVM), circumplex model of affect (CMA), and agent-based modelling. This framework encompasses the creation of a flood map using agent-based modelling while examining the decision-making environment, including certainty, uncertainty, and risk, along with their implications, such as assessing emotional states and economic losses. This would ultimately help us to understand the ways of life of the people in Kelantan, which recover efforts and raise awareness could be implemented effectively. Ultimately, the findings of this study can assist stakeholders, planners, and decision-makers in creating more effective policies and guidelines to support the people in Kelantan.

Delineation of Groundwater Potentials in Alkaleri And Environs, North-Eastern Nigeria

Obiefuna G. I., Gidado A., Buba Apagu Ankidawa, Kwami A. I., Vanki I. — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Water is a necessity in every day of our life. In our homes, offices, schools, hospitals, markets, industries, and even in our personal journey, there is always the need for continual water supply to meet our basic water needs. The research is aimed at delineating groundwater potentials in Alkaleri and environs. The geological field mapping was carried out and different rock types were identified in the study area, which consist of Precambrian basement rocks (Migmatite Gneiss, Hornblende Granite, and Bauchite), and the tertiary sedimentary rock of Kerri-Kerri formation. The vertical electrical sounding method was used to delineate the groundwater potentials in the research area. A total of 30 vertical electrical sounding points was randomly selected and surveyed. The electrode configuration used for the work was Schlumberger array. Fourteen curves were identified in the study area. The result revealed that the transverse resistance values vary from 78.5 ?m2 to 7984.9 ?m2 with an average value of 2180.534?m2. The values of longitudinal conductance ranges from 0.002258 ? to 0.74634037 ? with an average of 0.1713455?. The transmissivity values range from 8.89 m2/day to 467.2 m2/day, average value of 100.3 m2/day. The hydraulic conductivity values range from 0.9m/day to 29.6m/day with mean value of 8.3m/day. Aquifer characteristics revealed that transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity showed low potential.

The Effects of Creep Feed and Commercial Concentrates on Growth Performance of Pre-weaning Dorper Lambs

Mohd Zharif Ramli, Muhammad Aiman Adam, Mohamad Asrol Kalam — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to evaluate the effects of creep feed and commercial concentrates on the growth performance of pre-weaning Dorper lambs in accelerated lambing production. The Dorper lambs were selected based on breeding cohorts bred in January 2023, where 48 lambs were born with a mean birth weight of 4.11±0.2 kg. The lambs were divided into three groups and randomly assigned to the treatments. The experiment started when the lambs were ten (10) days old. Three dietary treatments, namely creep feed (CF) as control, commercial concentrate A (CA), and concentrate B (CB) with crude protein (CP) at 18.25%, 14.73%, and 13.05%, respectively. The treatments were assumed to be isocaloric feed. The feed given was calculated, and the lambs had free access to water and were permitted to suckle ewes (ad libitum). A GLM procedure was performed to determine the effects of feed and sexes, which are significant for growth traits. The results were that only male lambs fed with CF were significantly higher (p<0.05) on the weaning weight (28.10±1.2 kg) and average daily gain (ADG) (258.08±13.8 g/day) compared with other treatments. However, there is no significant difference (p<0.05) for male and female lambs fed with CA and CB. Therefore, the present finding suggested that the CF could increase the weaning weight and ADG over a short period for male Dorper lambs.

Morphometric Analysis of Drainage Basins Using ArcGIS: A Case Study of the Anambra River Basin for Understanding Erosion Patterns and Hydrological Characteristics

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Anambra River Basin's hydrological and erosion dynamics are critical for regional water resource management. This study aims to analyze the morphometric characteristics of the five major basins within the Anambra River Basin to understand their impact on hydrology and erosion patterns. The study aims to provide a comprehensive morphometric analysis of the Anambra River Basin to inform effective water resource management and erosion control strategies. Morphometric parameters such as area and perimeter of the five major basins were analyzed. Stream order analysis was conducted to classify streams into secondary, primary, and tertiary orders, along with a category labeled "Others" for minor streams. The First Basin, the largest, covers an area of 1459.27 km² with a perimeter of 257.38 km. The smaller basins, Fourth and Fifth, have areas of 171.81 km² and 227.45 km², respectively. Tertiary streams, with an area of 0.78 km² and perimeter of 75.37 km, were identified as having the highest runoff volume. Larger basins like the First Basin are more susceptible to erosion due to their extensive surface areas exposed to rainfall and runoff. Smaller basins, influenced by localized factors, experience less intense erosion. Stream order analysis highlights the significant hydrological contributions of tertiary streams. Effective water resource management in the Anambra River Basin requires understanding the distinct morphometric characteristics of each basin. Larger basins necessitate extensive erosion control measures, while smaller basins require localized strategies. The study underscores the importance of tailored management practices to mitigate erosion and ensure sustainable water use. This study provides a detailed morphometric analysis of the Anambra River Basin, offering insights into the hydrological and erosion dynamics of different basin sizes and stream orders. It emphasizes the need for tailored management strategies to address specific hydrological and environmental challenges within the basin.

Groundwater quality assessment around Lake Mkpitime, Nigeria, using integrated geophysical and hydrochemical approaches

Felix Chinyem, Ogheneo Ohwoghere-Asuma, Ogunka, Adeoye, Ndubuisi, Wisdom Itimi — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Groundwater quality assessment around Lake Mkpitme has not received any investigations. The goal of this study was to apply integrated geophysical and hydrochemical approaches to investigate the suitability of the groundwater around the lake for domestic, agricultural and industrial sustainable use. Ten vertical electrical soundings (VES) were conducted within the lake vicinity, while four groundwater samples and seven lake samples were collected for water quality assessment. The VES result revealed an aquifer depth range of 14.8 – 108 m, located within the fourth layer, while the aquifer resistivity ranged from 645 – 5287 ?m. Dar-Zarrouk parameters evaluation revealed values of longitudinal conductance (0.03-0.213 ?^-1), transmissivity (1.94-98.62 m²/day), transverse resistance (47247-313525 ?m²), indicating an aquifer with poor to intermediate protective capacity and low to intermediate potential. The hydrochemical analysis of groundwater samples revealed dominant Ca²⁺ - Na⁺ - HCO₃^-- Cl^- - SO₄^2-water facies, while the lake samples revealed Ca²⁺ - Na⁺ - HCO₃^- Cl^- - SO₄^2-water facies, indicating water mixing and suggestive of lake and groundwater interaction, as groundwater close to the lake has higher concentrations and possible stratification of water chemistry with depth. The fresh water nature of groundwater was revealed by the maximum TDS range of 10.8-19.3 mg/l, while that of the lake ranged from 10.8-31.3 mg/l, implying fresh-moderate subsurface mineralization, with groundwater that is within the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. The results showed that the groundwater quality around the lake is suitable and sustainable for both domestic, agricultural and industrial needs.