International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
type: channel
description: The International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (eISSN:2948-3832) or IJECS is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that focuses on case studies and is published twice a year in June and December.IJECS addresses the fundamental issues of entrepreneurship and business and publishes original quantitative or qualitative case studies on all aspects of entrepreneurship and business in local and international contexts. The primary audiences for this journal are scholars, academicians, policymakers, and practitioners whose interests are in entrepreneurship and business discourses, practices, and activities. Teaching cases offers students the opportunity to explore real-world challenges in the classroom environment, allowing them to test their assumptions and decision-making skills before taking their knowledge into the workplace.
publisher: Global Entrepreneurship Research Innovation Centre
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
issn: 2948-3832
items: Strategic Procurement and Supply Chain Resilience in Tech Retail: An Insights from Monaliza Mastura
items: The Story of Dashuri Aida Sofia Enterprise: A Flavorful Journey Rooted in Purpose
items: From Passion to Vision: The Entrepreneurial Evolution of Fast Forward Consultancy
items: Beauty, Branding and Breakthroughs: THE.ICS Journey
items: Back to Her Roots, Building Kelantan’s Future with a Riba-Free Vision: The Emergence of Zara Prima Sdn. Bhd.
items: Aleeza Bakery: The Rise of a Homegrown Dream
items: VCENDOL: Traditional Taste with Modern Twist in Every Sip
items: Student Venture in Business Combat: From Ideation to Competition Realization
items: The Artisan Entrepreneurial Spirit of Redland Family Business
items: The Ayang Cafe: From Crew to Kopitiam Owner
items: Beauty, Brains, and Business: The Inspiring Journey of Hannan Medispa
items: Triple Threat: The Inspiring Story Of A Student, Mother, And Entrepreneur
items: Transforming Local Delicacies: Retort Technology as a Catalyst for Seeni Food & Beverages Sdn Bhd’s Global Reach
items: Doctor Turned Entrepreneur: The Rise of Primer Cherang
items: Aiman's Decision to Relocate or Expand the Existing Space?
items: A Malaysia Branding: Rise of Reen Cookies
items: Achieving Work-Life Balance: A Tan Sri Syed Zainal Experience
items: Taking A Job Offer From A Competitor: A Career Move In Paradox
items: Making The Right Choice To Save The Honey Business
items: From A Supervisor To A Plantation Owner
items: Takoyaki Express: Looking to Take the Next Step
items: To Manage the ZAPTA Technology Professionally: A Time to Decide
items: Making Malaysia A Logistic HUB: A Vision of PKT Logistics Group Sdn Bhd
items: Looking To Start The Entrepreneurial Journey: Finding The Right Partners
items: Going With Mother's Wish: A Decision To Become An Entrepreneur In Kelantan
items: Becoming a Global Logistics Entrepreneur: PKT Logistics Group Sdn Bhd
items: PKT Logistics Group Sdn Bhd: From Family Business Growing into a Global Logistics Services
items: OUTFITTERS- Epitome Of A Successful Business Model
items: Che da Mee Udang Galah
items: Should Mozum Menswear Compete in The Digital Era?

Strategic Procurement and Supply Chain Resilience in Tech Retail: An Insights from Monaliza Mastura
type: item
description: Need a laptop that runs fast, looks cool, and doesn’t burn your wallet? Just ask around in Kelantan—chances are, someone will say, “Pergi kedai Monaliza!” What started as a small gadget stop is now a tech paradise where customers walk in confused and walk out confident, armed with the right device and maybe even a free mouse. This isn’t just a store—it’s an experience built on helpful advice, smart pricing, and a whole lot of heart. This case study explores the genius behind Monaliza Mastura’s business growth and outlines four critical elements of its success story.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Affordable
  topic: keywords
subject: Trust
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Experience
  topic: keywords
subject: Tech Retail
  topic: keywords
creator: Nik Syuhailah Nik Hussin
creator: Norfazlirda Hairani
creator: Nadia Hanum Amiruddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
starting page: 87
ending page: 95
doi: 10.51471/3qv3sx30

The Story of Dashuri Aida Sofia Enterprise: A Flavorful Journey Rooted in Purpose
type: item
description: Some stories begin with fireworks. This one began with fire; not the kind that lights up a night sky, but the kind that flickers quietly from a stove at dawn. In a modest home in Semanggol, Perak, a young woman stood alone in her kitchen. She had no formal capital, no elaborate business plan, and no team of advisors; only a second-hand stove, a few borrowed containers, and an unshakable belief that hard work could still build something meaningful. Her name was Aida. While others chased titles or queued up for job interviews, Aida chose a different path. She cooked;not just to sell food, but to serve comfort. Each dish was made with her own hands. Every customer was greeted with her own voice. Every order was packed with personal care. Her business wasn’t built on financial capital; it was built on character. What began as one woman’s quiet hustle eventually grew into a name that carried weight in her community. It wasn’t flashy, but it was real; real food, real effort, and real connection. Through long hours, early mornings, and countless obstacles, Aida built a business that was as heartfelt as it was hardworking. This case explores the story behind that journey. It reveals the why behind her persistence; why she kept going when the odds were stacked against her. It is a narrative of a dream cooked slowly, seasoned with sacrifice, and served with purpose.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Entrepreneur
  topic: keywords
subject: Work-Life Balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Startup
  topic: keywords
creator: Yusmazida Mohd Yusoff
creator: Nor Hanim Mustafa
creator: Muhammad Azrishah Mohd Lukman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
starting page: 76
ending page: 86
doi: 10.51471/15tbqv63

From Passion to Vision: The Entrepreneurial Evolution of Fast Forward Consultancy
type: item
description: Behind every success in the entrepreneurial world lies an experience embroidered with dreams, grit, and a heart which dares to hope. From Passion to Vision, the entrepreneurial journey of Fast Forward Consultancy reveals the remarkable tale of Fadhliyansah bin Saipul a man with an untamed passion which blossomed into a mission, creating waves of purposeful change wherever his feet tread. From modest beginnings in 2018 seeded with unspoken struggles and unpublicized victories, and against the odds, emerged a path that is not simply one of business development, but one of human empowerment. Fast Forward Consultancy is not only a company, but an abode which bears witness to the power of values-led vision, and strategy fueled by sincerity. It is a place where knowledge touches compassion, and service is a vocation greater than trade. This is a tale which is not only to be read, but to be felt, a narrative which inspires the spirit and reminds us that when passion is underpinned by purpose, the mundane becomes extraordinary. Through unswerving belief and ceaseless dedication, a heritage was forged, not one of momentary success, but one that lasts, echoing through transformed lives and imagined futures.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Passion
  topic: keywords
subject: Vision
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurs
  topic: keywords
subject: Fast Forward Consultancy
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurhaiza Nordin
creator: Nurnaddia Nordin
creator: Nur Ilyana Amiira Nordin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
starting page: 63
ending page: 75
doi: 10.51471/n4cgxp14

Beauty, Branding and Breakthroughs: THE.ICS Journey
type: item
description: A ceiling fan turned lazily above the sewing table, but the true colour in the room came from a makeshift vanity crowded with lipsticks, loose pans of pigment, and trial bottles. “One day I’ll put my own name on these,” whispered Iqah, steadying her hand as she labelled a sample jar. Months earlier she had tried to sell a foundation and a face mist, but almost no one bought them. The disappointment lingered, but so did curiosity. Her phone chimed. An Instagram follower wrote, “Your bridal look was gorgeous. Do you sell your own products?” She looked from the message to the scattered samples and quietly answered herself. Not yet, but soon.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Student Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Cosmetics Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Branding
  topic: keywords
creator: Syamsuriana Sidek
creator: Hazrina Hasbolah
creator: Nur Syafiqah A. Samad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
starting page: 54
ending page: 62
doi: 10.51471/458z6589

Back to Her Roots, Building Kelantan’s Future with a Riba-Free Vision: The Emergence of Zara Prima Sdn. Bhd.
type: item
description: Drawing inspiration from faith, community, and the drive to create change, a bold venture began to take root in the heart of Kelantan, where traditions run deep and families shape destinies. Zara Prima Sdn. Bhd. was birthed not just from a business concern, but from a deep-rooted concept of maintaining principles while contributing to the socio-economic upliftment of its people. The founder’s odyssey of return, geographically and spiritually, began in earnest. Sitting at the core of this bold task was an extraordinary proposition to establish an interest-free, Islamic-based company with its fundamental thrust in high-impact infrastructure and housing projects. This transition from a little construction company to the symbol of integrity and resilience grew steadily, becoming the tale of Zara Prima as one of transformation-an account of how one woman's pursuit of her heart and principles changed a region. This case study captures that journey: the obstacles faced, the values upheld, and the vision still building Kelantan's future, one ethical project at a time.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Riba-free financing
  topic: keywords
subject: Interest-free installment
  topic: keywords
subject: Affordablehousing solutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurnaddia Nordin
creator: Nurhaiza Nordin
creator: Nur Ilyana Amiira Nordin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
starting page: 41
ending page: 53
doi: 10.51471/qffs9j76

Aleeza Bakery: The Rise of a Homegrown Dream
type: item
description: On her 17th birthday, a teenage girl sat quietly, gazing at the cake before her. Yet instead of joy, a swirl of emotions filled her heart. “How long will my family keep buying birthday cakes from other shops every year?” she wondered. That seemingly simple question ignited a powerful spark within her; a deep desire to take control of her own future. She decided she wanted to learn how to bake; not just for herself, but for her family and community. Driven by this newfound passion, she enrolled in a diploma programme in baking and pastry. Months turned into years, and her skills flourished; but so, did her vision. One day, she recalled a local saying: “Even though there were no dark clouds, suddenly it rained.” It perfectly described the moment her mindset shifted completely. No longer content with just baking for her loved ones, she declared: “With the knowledge and skills I have, I want to open a bakery shop and create job opportunities for the people in Jeli.” Her dream was more than just building business; it was rooted in hope and empowerment. She envisioned a bakery that could show the local community that even in a remote area far from the city, people could earn a sustainable living; with fair wages, bonuses, annual leave, and SOCSO coverage. That teenage girl is now known as Mrs. Azliza, the proud owner and entrepreneur behind Aleeza Bakery in Jeli town. But the journey was not without risks. “Hiring workers without certificates and with no skills at all in baking is the biggest risk I have ever taken,” said Mrs. Azliza. To grow her bakery while staying true to her mission of community support, she chose to hire local individuals with no formal qualifications; a bold move that few entrepreneurs dare to make. This decision reflects the core challenge she continues to face; balancing business growth with social impact while navigating the uncertainties of entrepreneurship. Her story is one of courage, vision, and the transformative power of pursuing a dream sp…
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Female
  topic: keywords
subject: Family
  topic: keywords
subject: Food Business
  topic: keywords
creator: Yusmazida Mohd Yusoff
creator: Nor Hanim Mustafa
creator: Ahmad Wafiy Mohd Sukri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
starting page: 32
ending page: 40
doi: 10.51471/gp5xk433

VCENDOL: Traditional Taste with Modern Twist in Every Sip
type: item
description: In the early morning of Friday, August 23, 2023, it was likely a storm silently brewed over Tuan Muhammad Muiz Bin T Nordin, known as Abang Cendol. An ordinary morning spiraled into chaos when a complaint flooded in, revealing an unexpected truth where 5,000 bottles of VCendol had turned out spoiled overnight. Panic had setting in as he grasped the magnitude of the disaster, threatening his business. Abang Cendol, as the owner of Versatile Food and Beverage Enterprise, was deeply troubled by that personal blow. For the first time ever, he found himself unprepared when all 5,000 bottles of VCendol were undrinkable! This incident caused significant financial losses for his company and the dream he had fought so hard for suddenly seemed fragile. But true to his entrepreneurial spirit, he would not surrender to despair. Though unprepared, Abang Cendol reminded himself as a visionary entrepreneur, challenges were inevitable and part of the journey. Absolutely would not limit his ability to succeed even though he had poured heart, soul, and relentless effort into building VCendol from the ground up. Nevertheless, so many questions started to linger in his mind: What would be the consequences if he failed to resolve the issue? Would he face legal action from customers? Would his business have a future? Despite his concerns, guided by the trustworthy belief: “There is nothing in this world that you cannot do. Just stay focused, be persistent, and work hard to make it happen. No hurdle is insurmountable.”—Dr. Roopleen]
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Product Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Food and Beverage startups
  topic: keywords
subject: Growth Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Youth Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Marketing
  topic: keywords
creator: Hazrina Hasbolah
creator: Syamsuriana Sidek
creator: Nur Syafiqah A. Samad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
starting page: 23
ending page: 31
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v4i1.1557

Student Venture in Business Combat: From Ideation to Competition Realization
type: item
description: Norshakinah, Afif, and Aiman saw their goats breeding in abundance. Being a breeder is normal, but if they want to progress and succeed, they have to turn farming into a profitable business opportunity. Acknowledging the inherent limitations of traditional small-scale farming, the three of them set out to strategically transform their current goat-rearing operations into a strong and expandable business in order to capitalize on the growing market demand for products made from goats. Yet, they have lacked entrepreneurial skills, so they partnered with Ammar and Farah. Their expertise in business, food science, and agriculture created a balanced synergy, paving the way for an innovative student venture, Harvest Herd Farm (H2F). They foresaw an opportunity to integrate modern agricultural techniques, a strategic business model, and sustainable agriculture to create a value-added product line that would differentiate them from traditional farmers. They asked themselves if they were confident enough to grow the project into a successful business venture. "If we are willing to sacrifice and be brave enough to take risks, why not?" Under the dim glow of the café lights, five pairs of eyes met, each filled with ambition and the spark of possibility. Although they possessed the necessary abilities, know-how, and steadfast support from Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), it was insufficient to ensure success. They understood the need for synergy in addition to expertise to make their vision a reality.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Venture
  topic: keywords
subject: Agribusiness
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Business Idea
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurul Faizah Halim
creator: Wan Fariza Azima Che Azman
creator: Dzulkifli Mukhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
starting page: 16
ending page: 22
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v4i1.1556

The Artisan Entrepreneurial Spirit of Redland Family Business
type: item
description: A gentle drizzle tapped against the windowpane, signaling the end of a long, hot summer. The dusk sky stretched across the horizon, painting the evening in deep gold and indigo. Mr. Syafie Shukery sat by the window, his fingers curled around a warm cup of coffee, enjoying the quiet. However, his mind was far from calm. The dream of owning his own bakery had always been on his mind, but now, it was no longer just a dream—it had to become a reality. The steam curling into the air like the warmth of a freshly baked loaf, he let out a breath and set down his cup. His hands, which were frequently covered in flour, had spent years honing the art; he knows he had excellent cooking and baking skills. Courage was what he needed now. He had already left his job at the Hotel Perdana, Kota Bharu, Kelantan and finding another was out of the question. There was no turning back. His skills, his passion, and his years of experience—all of them had to be poured into this one endeavor. Failure was not an option. But having a great product was not enough. He had seen many skilled bakers struggle, not because their pastries weren’t delicious, but because no one knew about them. "The real challenge isn't the baking—it's the marketing," he muttered to himself. He exhaled, putting down his cup. If he wants his bakery to thrive, he needs a marketing strategy. How will he get people to see his creations? How can he make his brand stand out in an industry flooded with options? Marketing isn't just an option; it's key to keeping his business going, without it, even the best pastries won't get noticed.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Family
  topic: keywords
subject: Cake
  topic: keywords
subject: Pastry Business
  topic: keywords
creator: Wan Fariza Azima Che Azman
creator: Nurul Faizah Halim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
starting page: 9
ending page: 15
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v4i1.1555

The Ayang Cafe: From Crew to Kopitiam Owner
type: item
description: From modest beginnings, Mrs. Hazelizan fought to make a name in the cutthroat F&B industry. Every day, when she opened the doors of Ayang Café, she was reminded that success was not how she began or what she learned but how she persevered to move ahead. With every challenge, she grew stronger, making Ayang Café more than just a place to dine. It was a beacon of hard work, creativity, and the courage to chase one's dreams. There were doubting voices, naysayers who questioned her ability, doubted her vision, and whispered words of discouragement. But instead of allowing negativity to slow her down, she used it as a filter to refine her business vision. "Instead of listening to others' doubts, I should focus on improving and expanding the business," she often reminded herself. Demand was growing, customers were asking for more, and she knew Ayang Café could become something more. But with growth came new issues, the search for a larger location, managing greater operational costs, and the right individuals to maintain the quality of the café. The fear of her ability to grow Ayang Café business was still lingering in her mind. Now poised at the doorstep of something larger, Mrs. Hazelizan was confronted with the biggest challenge so far – business expansion.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Female
  topic: keywords
subject: Family
  topic: keywords
subject: Food Business
  topic: keywords
creator: Wan Fariza Azima Che Azman
creator: Nurul Faizah Halim
creator: Zakiyah Taharim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2025-04-16
publication date: 2025-04-16
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v4i1.1554

Beauty, Brains, and Business: The Inspiring Journey of Hannan Medispa
type: item
description: In the heart of Malaysia’s flourishing beauty industry, Hannan Medispa stands as a true symbol of innovation, excellence, and empowerment. What began as a humble endeavor by a group of visionary medical professionals has evolved into a powerhouse beauty industry, an inspiring success story that blends cutting-edge healthcare expertise with world-class aesthetic services. This case study takes you behind the scenes of Hannan Medispa Sdn. Bhd., where beauty meets brains, and business acumen drives success. The founders’ unwavering commitment to quality, their sharp business strategies, and their ability to adapt to a highly competitive market have redefined the beauty industry, creating a legacy that continues to inspire aspiring entrepreneurs across Malaysia. "Empowering success through knowledge and innovation, while staying ahead of industry trends." – Dr. Mohd Hannan Mohd Yusof, CEO of Hannan Medispa Sdn. Bhd.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Spa Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Talent
  topic: keywords
subject: New Trend
  topic: keywords
subject: IoT
  topic: keywords
creator: Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim
creator: Mohd Hakam Nazir
creator: Norsuriani Samsudin
creator: Dzulkifli Mukhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
starting page: 29
ending page: 35
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v3i2.1496

Triple Threat: The Inspiring Story Of A Student, Mother, And Entrepreneur
type: item
description: It was a quiet night in July 2021. The clock on the wall showed it was past 10 PM. Syahira sat at her small desk, typing away on her laptop, trying to finish an assignment due the next morning. Her room was dimly lit, and the only sound was the soft clicking of her keyboard. From behind her, she heard small footsteps. Her four-year-old son, Aisy Akhtar, appeared at the doorway, holding his stuffed toy close. “Mommy, I can’t sleep,” he mumbled, rubbing his eyes. Syahira turned to him with a tired but loving smile. “It’s bedtime, Aisy. You need to get some rest,” she said gently. Aisy walked over, resting his head on her arm. “But I want to stay with you,” he whispered, his voice sleepy but stubborn. Syahira stroked his hair softly. “I know, sweetheart. But I have to finish my assignment. How about you go lie down, and I’ll come tuck you in as soon as I’m done, okay?” Syahira found herself constantly struggling to keep up with the demands of her life. As a young mother, a full-time student, and an entrepreneur, her days often felt like a race against the clock. Time management became her biggest struggle. No matter how hard she tried to organize her day, something always seemed to spill over into the next. Her nights stretched longer as she stayed up past midnight to finish her university work. She rarely had time for herself, and the constant juggling left her feeling overwhelmed and fatigued.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Women
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneur
  topic: keywords
subject: Motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Business
  topic: keywords
creator: Raja Rosnah Raja Daud
creator: Munirah Mahshar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
starting page: 24
ending page: 28
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v3i2.1495

Transforming Local Delicacies: Retort Technology as a Catalyst for Seeni Food & Beverages Sdn Bhd’s Global Reach
type: item
description: One evening in April 2024, Hafiz and his father, Mr. Seeni, were seated at the Richiamor Cafe, enjoying their lattes and hot chocolates while contemplating their next move."Father," Hafiz said excitedly, "As you know, we've established a strong presence in the local market since we transitioned our street food business to instant food using retort technology. Our sales have surged to RM100,000 within just a year of implementing this technology, highlighting our potential for entering the international market." Mr. Seeni expressed his agreement with the excellent idea, noting that his research indicates a rising interest in Asian cuisine within the global market, particularly among younger consumers who are becoming more open to specific dishes such as mee sotong. Nevertheless, he emphasized the necessity for developing strategies that effectively tackle the distinct challenges and opportunities associated with each segment of the international market. Hafiz added, “At present, there are no products like ours available on the international market. We must take advantage of these opportunities. His father nodded in agreement. “I believe in you, my son. To succeed, you need the strength of character to pursue your ambitions and dreams. Don’t be afraid; just proceed with careful planning for the sake of our family business, which has been around since 1977.”
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Retort Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Strategic Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
creator: Yusmazida Mohd Yusoff
creator: Siti Som Husin
creator: Dzulkifli Mukhtar
creator: Naeem Hayat
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
starting page: 17
ending page: 23
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v3i2.1494

Doctor Turned Entrepreneur: The Rise of Primer Cherang
type: item
description: In the bustling town of Kota Bharu, Kelantan, a clinic stands tall, known for its vibrant red exterior- a symbol of strength and its deep connection to the local community. This is Primer Cherang, a medical clinic that has not only served patients with exeptional care but also became a beacon of of entrepreneurial success in Malaysia. Today, Primer Cherang is more than just a clinic; it is the legacy of Dr. Safwan, a man whose journey from a dedicated doctor to a pioneering entrepreneur changed the healthcare landscape in his home state and beyond. “I wonder… will they remember me? When they speak of Primer Cherang in years to come, will they remember me as Dr. Safwan, the doctor who wanted to help, or as Dr. Safwan, the businessman who built a legacy?”
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneur
  topic: keywords
subject: Primer Cherang
  topic: keywords
subject: Doctor
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurul Faizah Halim
creator: Zakiyah Taharim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
starting page: 14
ending page: 16
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v3i2.1493

Aiman's Decision to Relocate or Expand the Existing Space?
type: item
description: branch in Kuala Lumpur and relocate to Kelantan. This strategic move allowed the family to focus their energies on growing the newly founded business. The transfer was a huge success, and Rumah Bekam Panji Medispa immediately became famous. Their increasing clientele expansion quickly demonstrated the need for a larger, more hospitable facility. With this new site, they were able to meet increased demand by offering adequate space to cater to their growing customers while also considerably improving the overall customer experience. During this transformation era, Putra Aiman was offered an opportunity to study retail entrepreneurship at the University of Malaysia Kelantan. Taking advantage of this opportunity, he improved his business knowledge and talents. His commitment to combining traditional techniques with modern therapeutic standards prompted him to earn the Malaysian Skill Certificate Level 3 (SKM 3) in therapy. Through this, he bridged the gap between traditional practices and contemporary therapeutic approaches, enhancing his professional reputation and contributing to the family business's continued success.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Cupping
  topic: keywords
subject: Business
  topic: keywords
subject: Startup
  topic: keywords
subject: Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Entrepreneur
  topic: keywords
creator: Hasif Rafidee Hasbollah
creator: Dzulkifli Mukhtar
creator: Adni Halianie Adnan
creator: Adlina Azmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
starting page: 7
ending page: 13
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v3i2.1491

A Malaysia Branding: Rise of Reen Cookies
type: item
description: At the heart of this story is Nurin Nazifa Binti Mohd Jais, a young entrepreneur who founded Reen Cookies with the early support of her mother. When she first started baking, her mother gave her full support. Since the age of 10, Nurin has been fascinated by her mother's expertise in baking, where she skillfully mixes various ingredients to create delicious confectionery for the family. From there, Nurin's interest in baking began to be triggered. Understanding the importance of precision and patience in baking, Nurin's mother took the time to teach her skills to her daughter. She taught Nurin that baking well takes more than just following instructions; it also involves skill in using baking tools, precise textures, and, most importantly, incorporating compassion in every piece of work. Under the careful guidance of her mother, Nurin honed her skills with close supervision.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Food
  topic: keywords
subject: Business
  topic: keywords
subject: Startup
  topic: keywords
subject: Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Entrepreneur
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurnaddia Nordin
creator: Nurhaiza Nordin
creator: Siti Zamanira Mat Zaib
creator: Nur Ilyana Amiira Nordin
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v3i2.1490

Achieving Work-Life Balance: A Tan Sri Syed Zainal Experience
type: item
description: One Saturday morning in 2005, Syed Zainal sat at his desk contemplating the career decision he would have to make over the weekend. At 38, Syed Zainal was Chief Executive Officer (CEO) at HICOM Holdings Berhad, a Malaysian automotive manufacturing company, for ten years. Perodua just offered Syed Zainal a promotion to CEO, a position that would make him responsible for the entire division. Normally, Syed Zainal would have been blissful by such an opportunity, but he worried about its impact on his already fatigued personal life. Since his last promotion, he has struggled to balance an increasingly demanding workload with his responsibilities at home. Syed Zainal explained: “I have worked my whole career, and until now, I have never had any issues balancing work and home. However, things started spinning a bit out of control after my last promotion. At first, I thought I could handle the longer hours and more frequent travel, but it became a real drag on the family after a while. Then, two kids need my attention. That is when I realized it was time to change the situation. Syed Zainal has mixed feelings about accepting the promotion.” Over the past several years, Syed Zainal has taken steps to get his schedule under control. He and his wife Jan agreed that things were better. Nevertheless, another promotion would invert their lives all over again. As CEO, he could expect to be busier than before. It actually worried him. Syed Zainal found it hard to decide about accepting the promotion. He knew that the CEO of Perodua expected him to accept; in fact, he had emphasized that he had no second choice.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Work-life balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate
  topic: keywords
subject: Career
  topic: keywords
subject: Global
  topic: keywords
subject: Auto
  topic: keywords
subject: Industry
  topic: keywords
creator: Yusmazida Mohd Yusoff
creator: Dzulkifli Mukhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2024-08-01
publication date: 2024-08-01
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v3i1.1398

Taking A Job Offer From A Competitor: A Career Move In Paradox
type: item
description: It was a bit hot day in December 2005; Syed Zainal was driving his car back to his home in Kuala Lumpur. It is already afternoon, and the sun is slowly setting down while he is driving his car on the congested roads of Kuala Lumpur. ‘I am a corporate guy looking for career opportunities, and I learn about making the best out of any given opportunity,’ Syed Zainal narrated his career progression mindset. Syed Zainal went for a job interview at the Proton head office in Kuala Lumpur. He met with the board of directors at the Proton head office. The board offered Syed Zainal the opportunity to join the Proton group and lead the production operation at the group level. Syed Zainal finished his interview for the position of managing director of Proton Group (The largest Malaysian car production group) and slowly driving back toward his home and thinking about the offer, the competition Syed Zainal gave to the Proton Group, and the lifetime opportunity coming in the shape of the current job offer. Syed Zainal has to decide and provide the answer next week. Syed Zainal was building steady capacities at the Perodua car manufacturing (A competitor of the Proton group); Syed Zainal spent a good ten years at Perodua company and became deputy managing director in the same year. A good job offer is at hand, and Syed Zainal needs to make a critical decision of his life to accept the new job offer to start a career at Proton Group (the biggest car production group in the country) or keep working with the Perodua (the second large production group in the country. Proton Borad wants the answer from Syed Zainal by next week.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Career
  topic: keywords
subject: Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Enterprise
  topic: keywords
subject: Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Automobile
  topic: keywords
subject: Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Malaysia
  topic: keywords
creator: Naeem Hayat
creator: Dzulkifli Mukhtar
creator: Yusmazida Mohd Yusoff
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2024-08-01
publication date: 2024-08-01
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v3i1.1396

Making The Right Choice To Save The Honey Business
type: item
description: It is a hazy day in December that scared Nur Izzatie, and she likes to weep at the pain and disturbance she is going through. Nur Izzatie came into her room and closed the door with a blast. She thinks, ‘I will lose everything I have been working for a year. Without kelulut bees and bee hives, I will be out of business.’ Nur Izzatie just discovered that numerous kelulut bees had perished on the ground, and the bee hives were empty. Hundreds of bees emerge in front of the bee hive's entrance and begin to circle. In the absence of bees and honey, undoubtedly, there will be no business. Nur Izzatie had difficulty dealing with the problem, so fewer bees would die or flee away. She needs to find the reason soon to resolve it. Otherwise, she will lose everything.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Youth
  topic: keywords
subject: Graduate
  topic: keywords
subject: Gig Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Partners
  topic: keywords
subject: Enterprise
  topic: keywords
creator: Zakiyah Taharim
creator: Nurul Faizah Halim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2024-08-01
publication date: 2024-08-01
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v3i1.1395

From A Supervisor To A Plantation Owner
type: item
description: The looming financial crisis threatened to transform Mr. Rostam's thriving agribusiness into a sinking ship, casting a shadow of uncertainty over his entrepreneurial dreams. The once-promising future now appeared murky and fraught with challenges, leaving him to navigate the business desperately to keep his venture afloat. It is a test of resilience, innovation, and unwavering determination as he grapples with the harsh realities of an uncertain market. With limited resources, he coped with more of the challenges of a struggling business. The road ahead seemed daunting, with uncertainty lurking at every turn. Mr. Rostam pondered over the situation, feeling the weight of responsibility on his shoulders; he muttered, "The business has reached the critical point, and failure was not an option”. Mr. Rostam has to look for the right opportunity and decide about taking the next big leap of faith to start his next agriculture business venture. Terengganu Agrotech Development Corporation Sdn. Bhd. (TADC) looking for proposals to develop a large palm oil plantation farm in Terengganu state. Mr. Rostam has to develop the right plan with a partner that can invest in the proposed corporate farming project.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Graduate
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Partners
  topic: keywords
subject: Enterprise
  topic: keywords
creator: Zakiyah Taharim
creator: Nurul Faizah Halim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2024-08-01
publication date: 2024-08-01
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v3i1.1394

Takoyaki Express: Looking to Take the Next Step
type: item
description: It is a quiet evening in the Jeli (a town in Kelantan); Shukri and his wife enter the Little White Café and order their milkshakes to enjoy the evening together. While Shukri and Aliah (Shukri's wife) find a nice place to sit and look into each other eyes. "Aliah," Shukri exclaimed, his voice filled with frustration, "As you know, our annual sales revenue has been declining and reached about RM 500,000 again. Aliah looked at her husband's face and reflected, “That is really sad, but you may remember that the revenue of our business has steeped from RM 500,000 in 2019 and reached about RM 1.5 million by the end of 2020”. Aliah continues, “Because of COVID-19, our sales were coming from an online store, and we were able to attract a good customer base from online sales”. Shukri uttered, “Our sales are dropping, and I am worried about the decline in sales. I have been trying to analyze and understand the decline of sales.” Aliah pointed out the things as “it could be the changing preferences of consumers, market change, or maybe the pricing that we need to look into. However, keep in mind that would be another challenge that can lead us to another opportunity.”
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: ENTREPRENEURSHIP
  topic: keywords
subject: FAMILY
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: ONLINE STORE
  topic: keywords
subject: SALES
  topic: keywords
subject: FOOD BUSINESS
  topic: keywords
creator: YUSMAZIDA MOHD YUSOFF
creator: DZULKIFLI MUKHTAR
creator: NUR AIDA MAISARAH CHE KAH
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 32
ending page: 37
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v2i2.1250

To Manage the ZAPTA Technology Professionally: A Time to Decide
type: item
description: It is a cloudy and cold day of December 2022 in Lahore, Pakistan. The CEO of ZAPTA technology, Nasir Ali, sits alone in his office after the sunset. Nasir plans to leave his office as the day is already closed, but he is writing future agendas for ZAPTA Technologies for 2023. There are many things and new steps that must be decided upon and taken to manage ZAPTA in the future. Nasir Ali Joyia is happy with the growth of his technology venture ‘ZAPTA Technologies’, which Nasir started about two years ago with his fellow Khalil Ahmed (Chief Design Officer) and Ateeq-ur-Rehman (chief operation officer). The future of ZAPTA requires significant transformation as a growth strategy that can help ZAPTA compete in the highly dynamic information technology market. As CEO of ZAPTA, Nasir has to bring forth the proposal for change and growth. However, Nasir has to be careful as the change can bring negative consequences
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: ENTERPRENEURSHIP
  topic: keywords
subject: TECHNOLOGY
  topic: keywords
subject: GROWTH
  topic: keywords
subject: MANAGEMENT
  topic: keywords
subject: DEPARTMENTS
  topic: keywords
subject: ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
  topic: keywords
creator: NAEEM HAYAT
creator: DZULKIFLI MUKHTAR
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 22
ending page: 31
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v2i2.1249

Making Malaysia A Logistic HUB: A Vision of PKT Logistics Group Sdn Bhd
type: item
description: Dato' Seri Michael Tio (DMT), the CEO of PKT Logistics, is returning to his residence after a busy day at his office in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. He will have dinner with his family and, after dinner, must consider next week’s crucial strategic group meeting. As a visionary entrepreneur, DMT is not just focused on the present success of PKT Logistics but is deeply invested in the company's core values and long-term ambitions. His leadership has already navigated PKT through numerous challenges, significantly contributing to its strong reputation and leadership position in the logistics and supply chain industry. DMT’s aspiration is not limited to maintaining PKT's current success; he envisions elevating Malaysia as a central hub in the ASEAN region. This goal reflects his commitment to advancing his company and boosting the nation's standing in the global logistics arena. Under his guidance, PKT has demonstrated remarkable growth, and its value system has been a cornerstone in differentiating it from competitors. As DMT prepares for the strategic meeting, he contemplates the future trajectory of PKT. He plans to propose a forward-thinking strategy to steer the company towards significant achievements in the next five to ten years, targeting 2025 to 2030. His vision includes expanding PKT's reach, embracing innovative technologies, and further integrating sustainable practices while nurturing the company's human capital. DMT understands that the logistics industry is rapidly evolving, driven by technological advancements and changing global trade dynamics. He recognizes the importance of adapting to these changes and staying ahead of the curve. Thus, his strategy for the meeting will focus on exploring new market opportunities, investing in cutting-edge logistics technology, and fostering a culture of continuous learning and innovation within PKT.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: FAMILY
  topic: keywords
subject: BUSINESS
  topic: keywords
subject: GLOBAL
  topic: keywords
subject: LOGISTICS
  topic: keywords
subject: CORPORATE CULTURE
  topic: keywords
subject: INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP
  topic: keywords
creator: ZURAIMI ABDUL AZIZ
creator: NIK SYUHAILAH NIK HUSSIN
creator: HAZRIAH HASAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 15
ending page: 21
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v2i2.1248

Looking To Start The Entrepreneurial Journey: Finding The Right Partners
type: item
description: As sundown is reaching August 10th, 2020, Nasir Ali Joyia, a young software engineering graduate from GIFT University, must decide to offer his friends to start a business venture. Nasir was weighing the options of the names he would like to discuss and offer a partnership for his new technology venture. Nasir greatly succeeded in his freelancing while working on Upwork and Fiverr websites after completing more than 100 projects and receiving higher client recommendations. Nasir thinks it is the right time to move to the next stage of his entrepreneurial journey. “My passion for success guides me to work hard for my own project working for clients, which I received from Upwork and Fiverr. I am willing to include my other fellow in my entrepreneurial journey. However, I am very clear that business development is a step-by-step process like embarking on an expedition.” For Nasir, envisioning the business venture development is exciting, and Nasir was planning to meet with the prospective partners next Monday. Nasir thinks that he has a business plan that works for all partners. However, Nasir must be careful and consider the prospective partners before making the final offer and expect total loyalty from the prospective partners.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: ENTREPRENEURSHIP
  topic: keywords
subject: TECHNOLOGY
  topic: keywords
subject: YOUTH
  topic: keywords
subject: GRADUATE
  topic: keywords
subject: GIG ECONOMY
  topic: keywords
subject: PARTNERS
  topic: keywords
subject: ENTERPRISE
  topic: keywords
creator: NAEE HAYAT
creator: DZULKIFLI MUKHTAR
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 8
ending page: 14
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v2i2.1247

Going With Mother's Wish: A Decision To Become An Entrepreneur In Kelantan
type: item
description: The rain is pouring down from the sky as the monsoon season starts in the Malaysian Peninsular area. Sun is already down, and Nusratina Binti Shaari (Ms Tina) is sitting alone in her room, thinking about her next move to take her business to the next stage. Ms Tina reflected, "Things never be easy for middle- or lower-income group people in middle-income group country; education enables us to get a job or earn a living, but life circumstances led us to fight and look for our destiny.” Ms. Tina has to get serious about her Kuih Karas business. She has already left her job in Kuala Lumpur, and with COVID-19, the opportunity to get another is impossible. Ms Tina thinks she has a business option and needs to keep her head cool and fully enter into the business. However, Ms Tina must be vigilant and consider the prospective marketing channels and connecting to the prospective customers for her business. Ms. Tina exclaimed, "Thinking about starting a business is easy, but it takes demanding determination to develop and sustain a small business.”
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: ENTREPRENEURSHIP
  topic: keywords
subject: FEMALE
  topic: keywords
subject: YOUTH
  topic: keywords
subject: FAMILY
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: FOOD BUSINESS
  topic: keywords
creator: YUSMAZIDA MOHD YUSOFF
creator: DZULKIFLI MUKHTAR
creator: NAEEM HAYAT
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v2i2.1245

Becoming a Global Logistics Entrepreneur: PKT Logistics Group Sdn Bhd
type: item
description: Dato' Seri Michael Tio (DMT) just finished his dinner with his family. He was waiting for his coffee, and his mind reminded him about the next week's meetings. DMT has always been busy with multiple business activities after becoming a Chief Executive Officer (CEO). One thing always comes to DMT's mind is that PKT Logistics has become a genuine global player. DMT is a successful and confident logistics entrepreneur; DMT is also concerned about PKT's future and keeps the consistently working of PKT. Under the leadership of DMT, PKT develops the necessary leadership and value system that drives PKT sustainability with resilience. DMT is planning to address the PKT board in which he can suggest the future direction of the PKT that can lead the PKT into success in 2025-2030 and become a real global player in the logistics market.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Logistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Family
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneur
  topic: keywords
subject: Transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Business
  topic: keywords
subject: Philosophy
  topic: keywords
creator: Zuraimi Abdul Aziz
creator: Nik Syuhailah Nik Hussin
creator: Hazriah Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2023-06-20
publication date: 2023-06-20
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v2i1.1125

PKT Logistics Group Sdn Bhd: From Family Business Growing into a Global Logistics Services
type: item
description: Dato' Seri Michael Tio (DMT) is having lunch before the strategic group meeting of PKT Logistics on a wonderful day in March 2021 in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. As a successful and confident entrepreneur, DMT is also concerned about the PKT values system and likes to take the PKT to the next level. Making Malaysia a hub of ASEAN. PKT comes a long way in the leadership of the DMT, and the PKT value system helps bring great success to the PKT and builds the strong repute for the PKT to stand out from the competition and become a leader in the logistics and supply chain industry. DMT is planning to address the strategic group meeting and like to propose the future direction of the PKT that can lead the PKT into success in 2025-2030.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Family
  topic: keywords
subject: Business
  topic: keywords
subject: Global
  topic: keywords
subject: Logistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: International Partnerships
  topic: keywords
creator: Zuraimi Abdul Aziz
creator: Nik Syuhailah Nik Hussin
creator: Hazriah Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2023-06-20
publication date: 2023-06-20
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v2i1.1124

OUTFITTERS- Epitome Of A Successful Business Model
type: item
description: Outfitters and Ethnic is brilliantly running its business nationwide, directly emphasising product differentiation. They believe that Fashion is a celebration of individual style, and they target youngsters who own their personal style and individuality. They have a street-ready mix of casual, sporty and semi-formal looks, all in zesty shades. They strive to remove traditional boundaries from the apparel sector. Even after being involved in the fierce competition, they managed to sustain their market position. The failure to enter into international boundaries, financial crisis, export and import restrictions, discount-oriented customers, more bargaining power of customers than ever and other challenges have made them a stronger brand that every Pakistani would love to own. This case provides insights from their marketing department into their operations and how they overcame challenges.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Business Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Operations
  topic: keywords
subject: Brand Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Clothing
  topic: keywords
subject: International Business
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Wahab
creator: Arfeen Gohar
creator: Maheen Tariq
creator: Maryam Afzaal
creator: Nimra Inam
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2023-06-20
publication date: 2023-06-20
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v2i1.1122

Che da Mee Udang Galah
type: item
description: It was a long day for Che Da, the female owner of the Che Da Mee Udang Galah. The night was falling, and Che Da should devise a workable plan by the early morning. She was still struggling to find the right answer to her question and her desire to keep going with her Che Da Mee business: “How to survive this difficult time of COVID-19?, how to arrange the money to get the money to buy the daily supplies? And How to keep business going with the business as no or little customers visiting her current premise?.”
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: food business
  topic: keywords
subject: women entrepeneurship
  topic: keywords
creator: Naeem Hayat
creator: Mohd Rafi Yaacob
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Entrepreneurship Case Study (IJECS)
date: 2023-06-20
publication date: 2023-06-20
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v2i1.1111

Should Mozum Menswear Compete in The Digital Era?
type: item
description: “I have won a number of sewing competitions in domestic and international level, partly due to the uniqueness and trendy designs that I create. My teachers have always praised my design, along with the unusual sewing techniques that I use. They say my designs have been followed by other students as well." Since 1990, Mr. Haikal who is passionate in sewing, had learned to sew at Institut Kemahiran Belia Negara (IKBN). During his golden age circa 1990 until 1993, he was well-known among IKBN staff and students for being a top student and having won several national and international competitions. He had been a champion of many sewing competitions at the IKBN level throughout Malaysia. Later on, he was sent to compete in the ASEAN stage held in the Philippines in 1992, and became the ASEAN champion. Subsequently, he was sent to compete on a world stage in 1993 and received a consolation prize.
subject: Cases
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital era
  topic: keywords
subject: Menswear
  topic: keywords
subject: Case Study
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohd Zulkifli Muhammad
creator: Farah Hanan Muhamad
creator: Hazriah Hasan
creator: Naeem Hayat
creator: Mohd Rushdan Yasoa’
creator: Ahmad Ridhuwan Abdullah
creator: Nur Farahiah Azmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2023-01-25
publication date: 2023-01-25
doi: 10.51471/ijecs.v1i2.1024