International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities (INSANIAH)
International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities (INSANIAH) is a high-quality peer-reviewed, open-access research journal that is published online by the Faculty for Language Studies and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan.
Aplikasi Ijtihad dan Penetapan Syariat Islam dalam Kanun Jenayah Syariah II(1993) 2015 Kelantan
Syariat Islam bertujuan mengatur sistem dan menjaga kemaslahatan manusia dalam segenap aspek kehidupan. Pelaksanaannya sangat penting bukan sahaja dari sudut tuntutan agama malah demi kesejahteraan hidup dalam sesebuah masyarakat. Salah satu komponen syariat penting bagi mencapai hasrat tersebut adalah undang-undang jenayah melibatkan hudud, takzir dan qisas. Kerajaan Negeri Kelantan yang ditadbir oleh Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) telah melaksana usaha sejak 1993 bagi merealisasikan pelaksanaan perundangan tersebut melalui Kanun Jenayah Syariah II (1993) 2015 (KJS) yang telah melalui proses pindaan pada 2015. Walau bagaimanapun selain isu perlembagaan dan bidang kuasa, masih timbul persoalan terhadap aplikasi ijtihad kanun ini adakah menepati dalam konteks keperluan semasa mengikut ketetapan syariat. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif melalui rujukan kepustakaan termasuk dokumen-dokumen penting berkaitan dan juga sesi temu bual mendalam bersama informan penting yang terlibat berkaitan KJS II. Hasil kajian mendapati KJS II mengandungi 71 seksyen dan empat jadual serta terdiri daripada enam bahagian termasuk Hudud, Qisas dan Takzir. Kanun ini juga memperuntukkan aspek pentadbiran melibatkan hal ehwal berkaitan mahkamah, pelantikan hakim, gaji dan keistimewaan hakim-hakim.
From Marginalization to Militancy: Understanding Banditry through the Lens of Governance Failure in Nigeria
The persistence and escalation of banditry in Nigeria—particularly across the country’s Northwest region reflecting a deep-seated governance failure that has eroded the state’s legitimacy and capacity to provide public goods. Far from being isolated acts of criminality, the widespread violence attributed to armed bandit groups exposes the structural weaknesses of governance manifested in institutional decay, socio-economic exclusion, and rural neglect. This study interrogates the link between governance failure and the evolution of banditry, arguing that the phenomenon represents not merely a security challenge but a systemic outcome of political, economic, and institutional dysfunction. Drawing on qualitative data generated from key informant interviews and focus group discussions conducted in Kaduna, Katsina, and Zamfara States, the research applies the theoretical lenses of Failed State Theory and the Political Economy of Violence to explain how state incapacity and structural inequalities have fostered violent non-state formations. Empirical findings reveal that the erosion of state presence in rural communities, elite corruption, youth unemployment, and the weakening of traditional governance institutions have collectively created conditions for the transformation of local grievances into organized armed militancy. Bandit groups have gradually evolved into quasi-political actors, establishing informal governance systems, imposing taxes, and controlling local economies in spaces where state authority has receded. The paper contributes to existing scholarship by providing contextually grounded evidence from community-level narratives, which are often missing in broader analyses of insecurity in Nigeria. Theoretically, it bridges the gap between structural governance failure and the informal political economy of violence, demonstrating how both reinforce each other in perpetuating instability. Policy-wise, the study advances an alternative framework that transcends militarized countermeasures by emphasizing inclusive governance, rural economic revitalization, justice sector reforms, and the reinvigoration of traditional and community-based institutions. It concludes that sustainable peace and security in Northwestern Nigeria require rebuilding state legitimacy through equitable service delivery, transparent leadership, and participatory development.
The Role of Influencers in Shaping Political Participation Through Psychological Mechanisms
The rise of social media influencers in Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, has significantly reshaped traditional modes of political engagement and communication. This study examines the psychological mechanisms through which influencers affect political participation, focusing on parasocial interaction, social identity formation, narrative persuasion, and heuristic processing. Using a qualitative, thematic content analysis of secondary data drawn from platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook during Malaysia’s 15th General Election (GE15), the study explores how influencers frame political messages and mobilize their audiences across various demographic segments. The findings reveal that influencers serve as informal yet highly influential intermediaries of political content, particularly effective among younger, digitally native voters who often distrust or disengage from mainstream political actors. By leveraging emotional relatability, perceived authenticity, and real-time engagement, influencers play a pivotal role in shaping political awareness, opinion formation, and participatory behaviours. Additionally, the study considers the dual nature of this influence—highlighting both the potential for positive civic engagement and the risks associated with misinformation, performative activism, and political polarization. Ultimately, the paper underscores the growing importance of influencer-led advocacy in Malaysia's digital political landscape and emphasizes the urgent need for ethical guidelines and regulatory oversight to safeguard democratic discourse and ensure responsible political communication in the age of algorithm-driven influence.
Empirical Assessment of Social Media in Mobilising Voters during the 2023 Presidential Election in Nigeria
Social media platforms are increasingly being adapted into mainstream communication systems and are useful in politics, healthcare, social movements and more. Whether it is information dissemination or mobilisation and advocacy, the platforms are considered to be largely utilised in twenty-first century. The objective of this study was to examine social media platforms as tools for voter mobilisation during the 2023 presidential conducted in Nigeria. It was anchored on the uses and gratifications theory. The researchers adopted the cross-sectional descriptive research design relying on survey as instrument of data collection. The mixed-techniques of online survey link and in-person administration techniques were leveraged to carefully distribute the survey to a determined sample of 587 respondents from the population of 9,259,968 following the multistage sampling procedures which include purposive, stratification and simple random stages. The Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) version 26 was relied upon for analysing the survey data. Findings of the study showed that there was use of social media platforms during the 2023 presidential election in Nigeria and that Facebook, X, WhatsApp, Instagram were the most prominent. The study also demonstrated that there was a greater use of the platforms during the period. Furthermore, the study also showed that social media platforms were effective tools for mobilising voters to participate in the electoral process in the 2023 presidential election. The researchers concluded that the platforms are now greatly utilised due to their importance and recommended that political parties and their candidates leverage the access and use by younger voters to use social media in future elections to mobilise the electorate.
Komunikasi Interpersonal Asas dalam Pembangunan Pelan Strategik Komunikasi Inklusif di Universiti Islam Selangor
Komunikasi interpersonal dalam pendidikan tinggi merupakan asas penting untuk memastikan keterlibatan bermakna pelajar Orang Kurang Upaya (OKU). Kajian ini meneliti keperluan pembangunan pelan strategik komunikasi inklusif di Universiti Islam Selangor (UIS) dengan menekankan peranan komunikasi interpersonal sebagai landasan teori dan praktikal. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan berkaedah campuran dan temu bual separa struktur sebagai data rintis untuk mengenal pasti keperluan reka bentuk pelan strategik komunikasi inklusif di UIS. Daripada populasi 617, sejumlah 52 responden (n = 52) telah diperoleh dan dianalisis. Walaupun bilangan ini tidak mencapai saiz sampel ideal untuk generalisasi, data ini digunakan sebagai data rintis untuk mengenal pasti corak awal dan merangka intervensi lanjut. Selain itu, pengkaji turut menyokong dapatan kajian dengan melakukan temu bual mendalam bersama 8 orang pelajar OKU UIS daripada pelbagai kategori. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan tahap interaksi dengan pelajar OKU sederhana positif (Min = 3.63, SP = 0.43), namun aspek sokongan prasarana mesra OKU masih rendah (Min = 2.60, SP = 0.69). Manakala hasil dapatan temu bual menegaskan pentingnya komunikasi empatik, saluran maklumat mesra akses, dan sokongan rakan sebaya sebagai faktor penentu kepada keberkesanan inklusif. Keseluruhan membuktikan komunikasi interpersonal berasaskan empati, keterbukaan, dan mekanisme dua hala dapat mengurangkan jurang pengalaman serta meningkatkan penyertaan pelajar OKU dalam ekosistem kampus. Dari sudut teori komunikasi interpersonel, kajian ini menegaskan bahawa medium pertukaran maklumat menjadi instrumen sosial untuk membina kepercayaan, sokongan emosi, dan rasa kebersamaan. Kajian ini mencadangankan pembinaan modul latihan komunikasi inklusif, penambahbaikan saluran maklumat, serta pengukuhan dasar universiti yang lebih responsif. Kesimpulannya, pembangunan pelan strategik komunikasi inklusif berasaskan komunikasi interpersonal amat penting bagi memastikan persekitaran pendidikan adil, empatik, dan sejajar dengan prinsip rahmah serta ihsan dalam pendidikan.
Strategies in English to Malay Translation of Metaphor, Hyperbole, and Imagery in Selected Passages of the Novel The Fault in Our Stars
Figurative language, including metaphor, hyperbole, and imagery enriches literary narratives by adding depth and nuance. Translating such figurative expressions poses significant challenges due to the implicit and culturally rooted meanings they often convey. This study analyzes the strategies used in the English-to-Malay translation of selected passages from John Green's novel ‘The Fault in Our Stars’ by employing a descriptive qualitative approach. The research adopts the translation techniques framework proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), examining how these methods facilitate the transfer of meaning and stylistic effect from source to target text. Findings reveal that mainly literal translation and borrowing are used to render figurative language in the Malay version of the novel, with less frequent use of modulation and transposition. The study underscores the importance of choosing appropriate translation methods tailored to the figurative device and cultural context to preserve the intended meaning and sense. These insights have some implications for translators working on English-to-Malay literary texts and contribute to the broader understanding of translation strategies in figurative language transfer.
Bibliometric Mapping of Determinants of Attrition Among Distance Learners in Developing Countries
The rapid expansion of distance learning in developing countries has highlighted persistent challenges, particularly high attrition rates. Despite its potential to bridge educational gaps, distance education faces significant dropout rates, often exceeding 50%, undermining its equity and efficiency goals. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to map research trends, key determinants, and emerging themes related to attrition among distance learners in developing contexts. Using the Scopus database, 175 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2004 and 2025 were analysed. The study employed bibliometric techniques, including co-citation and keyword co-occurrence analysis, visualised via VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel. PRISMA guidelines ensured systematic data collection and analysis, focusing on publication trends, productive journals, influential countries, and intellectual structures. Findings revealed a surge in research post-2020, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. Leading journals included the British Journal of Educational Technology and Computers & Education, while China, India, and Malaysia dominated publication output. Key themes centred on student motivation, institutional support, and technological barriers, with emerging focus areas like digital poverty and social inclusion. Co-citation analysis highlighted a reliance on Western theoretical frameworks, underscoring gaps in localised models. The study underscores the need for context-specific strategies to address attrition, emphasising infrastructure investment, pedagogical adaptations, and policy reforms. It calls for interdisciplinary collaboration and regionally tailored research to enhance retention in distance education systems across developing countries.
Peranan Muzium dan Akademia dalam Memperkasakan Sejarah Islam di Kelantan
ABSTRAK Peranan muzium masa kini semakin meluas daripada fungsi konservatif kepada agen ilmu dan pembangunan ekonomi melalui konsep “kluster muzium” serta pelancongan patuh syariah. Apabila digandingkan dengan dunia akademik, muzium berpotensi menampilkan naratif sejarah Islam yang lebih tepat dan kontekstual. Namun, di Kelantan, hubungan antara institusi muzium dan akademia masih perlu diperkasa agar dapat memperkukuh peranan mereka dalam mempersembahkan warisan Islam tempatan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui analisis dokumen untuk meneliti hubungan strategik antara kedua-dua institusi tersebut. Sumber data diperoleh daripada bahan arkib, laporan institusi, rekod pameran dan penerbitan seperti majalah Pengasuh. Tumpuan diberikan kepada pelbagai aset sejarah Islam Kelantan termasuk bukti awal Islamisasi, sistem pondok tradisional dan budaya keilmuan. Kajian turut menilai pameran muzium, dasar pelancongan serta trend pemuziuman baharu yang menekankan keterlibatan masyarakat, penggunaan teknologi interaktif dan prinsip pemuziuman Islamik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan keperluan untuk memperkukuh muzium di Malaysia melalui bimbingan pakar akademik, penerapan teknologi digital dan sokongan organisasi bukan kerajaan. Reka bentuk pameran yang inklusif serta penglibatan masyarakat juga penting dalam memantapkan kefahaman terhadap sejarah Islam. Jaringan kerjasama seperti inisiatif AL-ASAR di Muzium Pahang menjadi contoh sinergi yang boleh dicontohi. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa kolaborasi antara kurator dan akademia perlu diperluas bagi menghasilkan pameran berasaskan penyelidikan yang mampu memperkukuh pemahaman terhadap tamadun Islam di Kelantan. ABSTRACT The contemporary role of museums has expanded beyond mere preservation to become catalysts of knowledge and drivers of economic development through the concepts of “museum clusters” and Shariah-compliant tourism. When aligned with academia, museums have the potential to present Islamic history in a more accurate, critical, and contextual manner. In Kelantan, however, the collaboration between museums and academic institutions remains limited and requires further strengthening to enhance the presentation of local Islamic heritage. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using document analysis to examine the strategic relationship between museums and academia. Data were collected from archival sources, institutional reports, exhibition records, and publications such as Pengasuh magazine. The study focuses on key elements of Kelantan’s Islamic heritage, including early evidence of Islamisation, the traditional pondok education system, and the intellectual culture. It also reviews museum exhibitions, tourism policies, and new museological trends that emphasize community engagement, interactive technologies, and the integration of Islamic museology principles. Findings indicate that Malaysian museums should be strengthened through academic guidance, the use of digital technologies, and support from non-governmental organizations. Inclusive exhibition designs and active community participation are also crucial in enhancing public understanding of Islamic history. Collaborative initiatives such as the AL-ASAR program at the Pahang State Museum exemplify effective synergy between museums and academia. The study concludes that deeper cooperation between curators and scholars is essential in developing research-based exhibitions that reinforce understanding of Islamic civilisation in Kelantan.
Faktor dan Implikasi Perkahwinan Tanpa Kebenaran di Negeri Kelantan
ABSTRACT Unauthorized marriages refer to marriages that are considered invalid under the Islamic Family Law Enactment in Malaysia. According to reports issued by the relevant authorities, the number of unauthorized marriage cases has been on the rise year after year, particularly in Kelantan. A total of 1,600 cases were recorded in 2021, which increased to 2,095 cases in 2022. This increase has raised concerns among religious authorities regarding the validity of these marriages, the protection of the rights of the spouses and children, as well as the long-term impact on family institutions. The objective of this study is to identify the factors and implications of unauthorized marriages in Kelantan, while also analyzing the statistics of such cases at the Syariah Prosecutor's Office in Kelantan. This study adopts a qualitative approach using case analysis methodology. Data collection was carried out through literature review, official documents, and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using a thematic analysis approach. The findings of the study reveal that while unauthorized marriages are deemed valid under Islamic law, they violate legal provisions. The factors contributing to unauthorized marriages include obstacles in the marriage registration procedure, documentation issues, and a lack of literacy regarding marriage registration. The study concludes that unauthorized marriages have negative implications for the wife, children, family, guardianship, inheritance, and both religious and legal institutions. The increasing number of unauthorized marriage cases between 2019 and 2023 warrants serious attention, particularly from religious authorities and family institutions, to raise public awareness about the importance of complying with Islamic legal provisions and ensuring stricter and more consistent enforcement of the law. ABSTRAK Perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran merupakan satu bentuk perkahwinan yang tidak sah menurut Enakmen Undang-undang Keluarga Islam di Malaysia. Berdasarkan laporan yang dikeluarkan oleh pihak berautoriti, kes perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran menunjukkan peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun terutamanya di Kelantan. Sebanyak 1600 kes direkodkan pada tahun 2021 meningkat 2095 kes tahun 2022. Peningkatan ini menimbulkan kebimbangan dalam kalangan pihak berkuasa agama terhadap kesahihan perkahwinan, perlindungan hak pasangan dan anak-anak serta kesan jangka panjang terhadap institusi kekeluargaan. Objektif kajian ini mengenalpasti faktor dan implikasi perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran di Kelantan. Dalam pada itu, menganalisis statistik kes perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran di Jabatan Pendakwaan Syariah Negeri Kelantan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah analisis kes. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui rujukan kepustakaan, dokumen rasmi, dan temu bual. Manakala analisis data menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati hukum perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran adalah sah dari sudut syarak namun melanggar peruntukan undang-undang. Faktor berlakunya perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran disebabkan kekangan prosedur perkahwinan, masalah dokumentasi dan kurang literasi berhubung pendaftaran perkahwinan. Kajian merumuskan perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran memberi implikasi negatif terhadap isteri, anak, keluarga, perwalian, pewarisan, institusi agama dan perundangan. Peningkatan kes perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran dalam tempoh lima tahun (2019-2023) memerlukan perhatian serius terutama pihak berkuasa agama dan institusi kekeluargaan. Hal ini bagi meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat tentang kepentingan mematuhi perundangan Islam yang ditetapkan serta memastikan penguatkuasaan undang-undang yang lebih ketat dan konsisten.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities (INSANIAH)
Kemiskinan Jiwa: Kajian terhadap Tahap Pengisian Jiwa Semasa Pandemik
Manusia dibekalkan dengan unsur rohani, jasmani dan intelektual dalam mengendalikan tugasnya sebaga hamba Allah. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat pelbagai masalah yang dikaitkan dengan isu kemiskinan jiwa yang mana ia berpunca daripada kegagalan mengendalikan hawa nafsu dalam kehidupan seharian. Kemiskinan jiwa menjadikan pelbagai masalah yang timbul, contohnya tekanan (depresi) dan kemurungan yang serius. Ia melanda masyarakat hari ini terutama apabila krisis pandemik COVID-19 yang melanda seluruh negara. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti aspek yang perlu diambil kira untuk mengelakkan kemiskinan jiwa. Ia juga bertujuan mengupas mengenai tahap amalan pengisian jiwa di kalangan masyarakat Islam sebelum dan dalam tempoh menghadapi isu terkini iaitu COVID-19. Kaedah yang diguna pakai dalam kajian ini adalah pengumpulan data iaitu kajian kepustakaan dan soal selidik kepada 195 masyarakat Malaysia yang terdiri dari beberapa kawasan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kenormalan (Normality Test) dengan menggunakan SPSS 23.0. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tahap amalan pengisian jiwa lebih tinggi dilakukan ketika berlaku krisis COVID-19. Beberapa elemen yang boleh diambil untuk mengelak daripada berlaku kemiskinan jiwa adalah melalui amalan keagamaan dan nilai baik yang ada pada setiap individu Muslim. Elemen ini mampu menangani dari berlaku kemiskinan jiwa di kalangan masyarakat seterusnya membantu ke arah kesejahteraan jiwa dalam menghadapi kesusahan di hari mendatang.
Cabaran Memperkukuh Kesepaduan Sosial dalam Masyarakat Superdiversity di Malaysia
Malaysia kini terdiri daripada masyarakat superdiversity yang berbeza bahasa, budaya, warna kulit, agama, adat resam dan sebagainya. Justeru, superdiversity ini menjadi cabaran kepada masyarakat Malaysia untuk memperkukuhkan kesepaduan sosial yang dikecapi hari ini. Mengurus masyarakat superdiversitybukan suatu perkara yang mudah kerana kerana ia memerlukan pelbagai pendekatan dan strategi supaya masyarakat dapat menerima serta membina hubungan bekerjasama. Pelbagai usaha yang dilaksanakan oleh pihak kerajaan dalam memantau hubungan masyarakat supaya tidak timbul konflik dan ketegangan. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti cabaran dalam memperkukuhkan kesepaduan sosial dalam masyarakat superdiversity. Artikel ini menggunakan kaedah pengumpulan data melalui kaedah kepustakaan untuk mendapatkan maklumat yang diperlukan dan analisis kandungan digunakan bagi tujuan penganalisisan data. Hasil dapatan mendapati cabaran dalam memperkukuh masyarakat superdiversity merangkumi aspek etnik, agama, budaya, sosioekonomi, politik dan pendidikan. Pendekatan yang bijaksana dan kerjasama daripada semua pihak diperlukan bagi menghadapi cabaran ini seterusnya mengekalkan kesepaduan sosial.
Anxiety In Oral Presentation Among ESL Students: Factors and Strategies
Oral anxiety is one of the factors that impede students’ speaking proficiency, and may create unpleasant learning experiences especially in an English as a Second Language (ESL) context. This paper is based on the pedagogical research which focuses on the factors causing ESL students’ anxiety in an in-class English oral presentation. The idea is to identify factors that cause ESL students to get anxious during in-class English oral presentation and to consider oral anxiety coping strategies that are effective for the students. The research is divided in two parts. The first part is literature review and second part is survey development which could be used to find out the ESL students’ oral anxiety with regards to in-class presentation. This paper will only be focusing on the first part of the research. The literature review in this paper was conducted around two research questions: 1) What are the factors that contribute to students’ anxiety in in-class English oral presentation, and 2) What are the strategies students use to reduce their anxiety in in-class English oral presentation? The review is based on previous published journal articles where the findings were compared to identify the best practices. The discussion from this literature review will be used as a basis for the researchers in developing survey in order to investigate the ESL students’ oral anxiety in in-class presentation.
Titen: Kearifan Tempatan Masyarakat Jawa Ketika Menghadapi Bencana Alam
Masyarakat Jawa adalah masyarakat yang telah lama wujud di Indonesia dan tergolong dalam salah satu kaum yang cukup besar di sana. Masyarakat Jawa telah lama dikenal sebagai masyarakat yang mempunyai budaya, kepercayaan, dan pengetahuan rohani yang tinggi yang dapat mengembangkan keharmonian antara dirinya dengan pencipta dan alam. Pengetahuan spiritual yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat Jawa dikenal sebagai Kejawen. Bencana alam adalah bencana yang tidak dapat dielakkan; namun, kedatangan mereka dapat diramalkan. Salah satu kearifan lokal orang Jawa adalah ilmu "titen," atau ilmu mengingat. Orang-orang Jawa dari zaman dahulu menggunakan pengetahuan ini untuk meramalkan berlakunya bencana. Orang-orang Jawa telah lama bersatu dengan alam dan dapat membaca tanda-tanda alam sebelum bencana berlaku. Pelbagai tanda semula jadi dapat dirasakan sebelum bencana, seperti letusan gunung berapi yang ditandai dengan turunnya haiwan, tanah runtuh yang ditandai dengan penggunaan tali, dan sebagainya. Kedatangan pandemi di suatu daerah dapat ditandai dengan komet di daerah tertentu, yang dikenal sebagai kemintang lintang. Walaupun kepercayaan terhadap tanda-tanda alam ini kelihatan tidak logik pada masa kini dengan teknologi moden, ia masih berlaku dan sesuai digunakan hari ini.
Faktor Pendorong dan Kejayaan Usahawan Wanita di Kelantan
Penglibatan wanita dalam bidang perniagaan semakin bertambah dan berkembang. Hal ini memberi kesan positif kepada ekonomi negara. Malah, kejayaan wanita telah membuka mata banyak pihak tentang kebolehan usahawan wanita dalam memperkasakan ekonomi negara. Usaha dan kegigihan dalam mengendalikan perniagaan membuktikan sifat kental dan kesabaran yang tinggi kerana bidang perniagaan memerlukan pelbagai strategi untuk mencapai kejayaan. Ramai golongan wanita melibatkan diri dalam perniagaan khususnya usahawan wanita di Kelantan yang mencipta pelbagai kejayaan. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan menggenal pasti faktor pendorong dan kejayaan wanita dalam bidang usahawan di Kelantan. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kaedah kuantitatif bagi mengumpul data yang diperlukan. Kaedah kuantitatif menggunakan borang soal selidik dan diedarkan kepada 300 responden usahawan wanita Kelantan. Penganalisisan data menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS). Hasil dapatan menunjukkan faktor pendorong usahawan wanita melibatkan diri dalam perniagaan kerana ingin mengubah taraf ekonomi keluarga, minat dalam perniagaan, membantu ekonomi suami dan mewarisi bidang perniagaan daripada keluarga. Faktor kejayaan usahawan wanita pula disebabkan minat yang mendalam, perancangan teliti, ilmu perniagaan dan bersedia menanggung risiko. Faktor ini telah menjadikan ramai dalam kalangan usahawan wanita Kelantan mencapai kejayaan.
Learning to Write During the Covid-19 Pandemic at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya
The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the education setting accross the world. The Indonesian government decided to close all educational institutions as an effort to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Many schools also decided to change their learning strategy from face-to-face to online learning. Online learning in learning to write is felt to be very ineffective. To overcome this problem, teachers are required to be more creative in delivering material to students. In order for students to easily understand the learning material, the teacher must take advantage of learning media. Based on these thoughts, this article discusses learning materials and media during the Covid-19 pandemic at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya. The purpose of this qualitstive research is to describe (1) writing learning materials and (2) writing learning media at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data from this study was collected using documentation, questionnaires, and interviews. Results showed that the learning material for online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic was based on the Emergency Curriculum. The Emergency Curriculum is a simplification of the National Curriculum (2013) by streamlining learning materials up to 50%. The learning media used by SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya teachers including series pictures, poetry reading videos, story videos, Vicon, Google Meet, Sway, Google form, flat shapes, and color discs.
The Relationship between Language Proficiency and Critical Thinking Skills among Students in English Language Class
This research investigates the relationship between students’ English language ability and their critical thinking skills in English language class within the Thai context. The study involves 103 English major students and four English lecturers from the faculty of Education and Humanity and Social Sciences, Thaksin University. The data were obtained from the results of TOEIC Test, Cornell Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST), level X, questionnaires, students’ semi-structured interviews, and teacher ’individual interviews. The findings of the study revealed that students’ English language ability was at low level. 51% of the total students obtained scores of 350-495, which were at the Elementary Proficiency level, 29% were at Memorized Proficiency level. 19% were at 1+ Elementary Proficiency level. As for critical thinking skills, overall, the T- scores in critical thinking skills are mostly ‘average’ (T 45-54) or 33.98%. By considering individual aspects, the T-scores for Induction, Deduction and Credibility are also ‘average’ (T 45-54), accounting for 36.89%, 33.01%. and 47.57, respectively, excepted for the Assumption, where the T-scores are at a ‘fair’ level (T 35-44), representing 34.95%. However, this study demonstrated that critical thinking skill scores show significantly low correlation with language skills scores. A few students with higher ability in the English language were able to use their language advantage to answer the CCTTX. Therefore, more language and thinking skill trainings are necessary and more resources would be needed to find suitable methods in developing language ability and critical thinking skills of the students in the language classroom.
English Language’s Position in Multilingual Advertisements in the Coffee Capital of the Philippines
This paper aims to show the English language position in the multilingual advertisements or in the linguistic landscape (LL) of Amadeo, a segregated town in the Southern Tagalog, province of Cavite, Philippines. Considered as the coffee capital, the LL is examined in the light of the town’s multilingual language situation, and its ongoing economic challenges. The study covers 14 barangays as shape by ‘top down’ and ‘bottom-up’ forces in the context of the complex relationship among the languages used and the representation in the chosen coffee-related. Since English has been shown to be the most frequently used foreign language of the town especially in product advertisements, the researcher then goes on to define the degree of English language visibility, diversity, and its position in the labelling of store signs, coffee products, and emblematic structures in Amadeo’s LL. Using Sebba’s framework, it covers the grammatical, genre-specific, and visual/spatial units of a multilingual text. An extensive documentation of LL items was determined by frequency count. The results of the frequency count for each unit are reflected in the coding chart created. The English language’s informative and symbolic functions in the LL serve to communicate the coffee products’ essential features and details that make them entice for educated local and foreign tourists, while at the same time, exuding modernity, sophistication, and globalness. It is concluded that the town’s economy and tourism are the main forces that determine the spatial practice, symbolic construction, and language ideology of Amadeo as the coffee capital in Philippines.
Taksiran Zakat Pendapatan di Malaysia: Perlukah Penilaian Semula Kaedah Taksiran dengan Tolakan-Tolakan yang Dibenarkan
Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti realiti konsep hajat asliyyah yang digunakan sebagai asas pertimbangan bagi kaedah pengiraan zakat pendapatan dengan tolakan yang dibenarkan di negeri-negeri di Malaysia. Melihat kepada perbezaan yang wujud antara institusi zakat di setiap negeri dalam menafsirkan item-item tertentu sebagai hajat asliyyah atau sebaliknya, kajian ini melontarkan persoalan; mengapakah situasi ini berlaku dan bagaimanakah tafsiran yang tepat bagi hajat asliyyah dalam konteks zakat yang selari dengan situasi semasa dan bertepatan dengan maqasid syarak boleh dilakukan? Melalui kaedah deskriptif dan analisis ke atas teks-teks perundangan Islam, serta dibantu oleh data-data sekunder, kajian ini meneliti dan membandingkan realiti kaedah taksiran zakat pendapatan di sebahagian negeri di Malaysia dan konsep hajat asliyyah dari perspektif fiqh Islam dan maqasid. Kajian mendapati bahawa perbezaan tafsiran mengenai hajat asliyyahmenyebabkan jumlah pendapatan wajib zakat antara sebahagian negeri berbeza-beza yang mana individu dengan jumlah pendapatan tertentu mungkin layak mengeluarkan zakat pendapatan mengikut kaedah taksiran sebahagian negeri dan tidak dikenakan zakat mengikut kaedah taksiran negeri lain. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa konsep hajat asliyyah adalah dinamik kerana perkara yang dianggap perlu bagi setiap individu adalah berbeza-beza dan mungkin tidak akan berakhir pada satu garis sempadan yang jelas dan perlu diukur selari dengan realiti kehidupan individu dan masyarakat dalam konteks semasa dan setempat. Justeru, adalah menjadi keperluan untuk membina suatu parameter bagi hajat asliyyahyang dibina berdasarkan kajian yang bersifat kuantitatif dan statistikal bagi meneliti realiti dan mengukur manifestasi hajat asliyyah di dalam kehidupan masyarakat setempat supaya kaedah taksiran yang dilaksanakan lebih seragam dan dekat dengan kehidupan masyarakat.
Religious Practices among Malaysian Muslim during Pandemic: An Appraisal
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people throughout the world. It began in 2019 and is continuously spreading globally till today. This study has been conducted to see the Malaysian perception towards the pandemic. It identifies how people had performed religious practices before and during the first movement control order (MCO) which began in March 2020; this study also observes social practices among Malaysians after the first MCO. It reveals that there was a difference in the concept of practices during and after the MCO. Most Malaysians tend to be more disciplined in executing activities and in attempting to improve their religious practices during the MCO. It is suggested that many people could not abide by the standard operating procedure (SOP) after the MCO, whereby they continued with the normal pre-pandemic culture such as visiting relatives, family gatherings, going on vacations and many other social activities. This study concludes that consistency is integral in order to avoid the spread of COVID-19. This study also suggests that despite performing better spiritual practice, people should take physical precautions to help flatten the rising curve of the contagious disease.
The Use of Metadiscourse in Good Malaysian Undergraduate Persuasive Essays
Metadiscourse is used by a writer to organise his text and textually interact with the potential readers. An effective use of metadiscourse reflects the writer’s writing ability because it is one of the aspects in composing process of making a successful text. However, ESL writers especially undergraduates tend to face problems in using metadiscourse markers in their writing. Many of them do not use the metadiscourse markers appropriately in their essay writing. This preliminary study investigates the use of metadiscourse markers in good persuasive essays written by undergraduates from a public university in Malaysia. The corpus examined in the study was built from 195 persuasive essays written by the second year students at the university. The objective of this preliminary paper is to present the metadiscourse markers found in a corpus of good undergraduate writers’ essays. The markers are classified in the main categories (organisational and interpersonal discourse markers) and sub-categories based on Tan et al.’s (2012) simplified metadiscourse framework for ESL lay writers. Using a computer-mediated concordance software, this study aims to reveal the frequency of the metadiscourse markers use in a total of 195 good persuasive essays produced by Malaysian undergraduate writers. The findings presented in this paper are anticipated to be beneficial for other researchers who are interested in finding an example of metadiscourse markers usage in good persuasive essays.
Level of Life Ethics Compliance among Covid 19 Patients During the Quarantine Session at PKRC Jubli Perak Hall, Kota Bharu
Ethical compliance throughout the quarantine session at PKRC is important for the health of the group, cooperation with the authorities, and the national mission. The level of ethical compliance among Covid 19 patients was measured to review strategies to succeed in the subsequent appreciation of patients’ ethics. This study focuses on hygiene ethics, self-control, sociocultural, worship, fitness, and leadership. Equivalent observation method and proportional random interviews were used. The analysis was performed descriptively. Findings indicated that the level of patients' ethical compliance was moderately good. Hygiene ethics were reported as less consistent, similar to the patients’ self-control. This was due to the issues of adaptation and accommodation in new places as well as lack of self-awareness. Socio-culture was at a good level due to the patients’ population among the local population. Worship activities were also in a good range because of the conditions and facilities provided by the health providers. However, fitness ethics were reported as not good, due to the unfavorable facilities and situations at the quarantine center. Leadership was observed as moderate and some patients were perceived as individualistic. The use of a model of cultural change and A comprehensive collaboration with various parties, without a heavy reliance on the frontline workers, is needed to improve patients’ viability during Covid 19 quarantine session.
Tahap Kefahaman Guru Bahasa Inggeris Terhadap Pedagogi Terbeza
Pelaporan Kurikulum menunjukkan peratus pencapaian Bahasa Inggeris yang rendah dalam peperiksaan akhir tahun 2019 bagi sekolah rendah dalam PPD Kota Bharu. Fokus Analisa pencapaian ditumpukan kepada murid Tahun 6. Pencapaian murid berkait secara langsung dengan kaedah pengajaran guru di dalam bilik darjah. Murid-murid Tahun 6 menunjukkan prestasi yang lemah dalam Bahasa Inggeris terutamanya penulisan. Pencapaian murid-murid adalah pada tahap sederhana (65.00%). Objektif kajian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan tahap kemahiran guru dalam PdP melalui aplikasi pedagogi terbeza. Penekanan diberikan kepada aktiviti yang dilaksanakan oleh guru dengan memberi keutamaan kepada aktiviti berpusatkan murid. Dalam konteks ini, masalah pencapaian Bahasa Inggeris yang rendah didapati berpunca daripada kelemahan PdP guru Bahasa Inggeris di bilik darjah. Kaedah yang digunakan didapati kurang berkesan dan tidak menarik minat murid untuk belajar. Proses bimbingan guru secara pemerhatian bersemuka di dalam bilik darjah dan temubual. Pengkaji membuat pemerhatian semasa guru mengajar di dalam kelas. Selepas PdP dilaksanakan, sesi temubual dan perkongsian amalan dibuat. Pemerhatian kedua dilakukan selepas rawatan diberikan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa Pedagogi Terbeza telah dapat membantu peningkatan kemahiran dalam kaedah mengajar guru. Guru telah dapat merancang satu sesi pengajaran yang berkesan dan melaksanakan aktiviti PdP dengan aktiviti-aktiviti berfokuskan murid yang menarik. Tahap keyakinan guru juga telah meningkat dan dapat menghasilkan video rakaman bagi sesi pengajaran yang telah dilaksanakan. Tahap pencapaian murid dalam Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah pada akhir 2020 didapati telah menunjukkan peningkatan yang sifnifikan. Hasil daripada kajian ini, pengkaji mencadangkan bahawa Pedagogi Terbeza telah dapat membantu guru dalam meningkatkan tahap kemahiran melaksanakan PdP yang berkesan, menyeronokkan dan menarik minat murid.
The Role of Parents and Teachers in Shaping the Development of Students in Secondary Schools
Kehidupan remaja zaman kini dapat menyaksikan akhlak semakin direndahkan dalam pembentukan jati diri. Pelbagai perkara-perkara negatif telah mempengaruhi pemikiran remaja sehingga pembentukan diri sukar untuk dilaksanakan dengan berkesan. Oleh itu, tujuan penyelidikan ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenal pasti peranan ibu bapa dan guru dalam membentuk kemenjadian murid di sekolah menengah khususnya dalam aspek as-syaja’ah, al-iffah dan al-hikmah. Kaedah kajian tinjauan deskriptif secara kualitatif kajian kes telah dijalankan di salah sebuah sekolah menengah harian. Beberapa orang peserta kajian yang terdiri daripada pentadbir, guru dan ibu bapa pelajar terlibat dalam sesi temubual yang dijalankan. Kajian mendapati masalah yang dihadapi oleh Ibu bapa dan guru ialah faktor teknologi dan faktor kekeluargaan. Kesimpulannya, masalah dan cabaran yang telah dikemukakan dalam kajian ini amat penting untuk pembentukan kemenjadian murid supaya golongan ini dapat menjadi pemimpin yang bertanggungjawab pada masa akan datang.
The Reliability and Validity of Suburban School Leader Communication Style
The purpose of this study is to validate the construct and behaviours of communication styles among the school leaders in suburban school at Terengganu. In addition, the degree of the communication style of headmasters will be verified in this study. Before collected an actual data, the reliability test of 30 respondents was done. The finding indicated that the Alpha Cronbach values are achieved ranging 0.86 to 0.97. This cross-sectional study involved 278 respondents who completed an online questionnaire through Google Forms adapted from The Principals Communication Styles Questionnaire for Principals (PCSQP). After normality tests were run, a total of 179 data was selected to be analysed. Next, the data were analyzed using SEM AMOS successfully validated 22 of 28 behaviors of namely Aggressive, Assertive, Open, and Inclusive Communication Style. This finding illustrates the diversity of communication styles practiced among school leaders in suburban school. Furthermore, the validated behaviours in this study might help school leaders practise and assess their communication styles. However, it is recommended that further research be conducted in a wider location so that the findings of the study can be generalized.
Kepimpinan Autentik Guru Besar: Satu Analisis Pengesahan Faktor
Kepimpinan autentik merupakan salah satu bidang yang dibahas dalam literatur kepemimpinan moden sejak kebelakangan ini oleh penyelidik dan pengamal. Justeru itu, kajian kuantitatif secara tinjauan rentasan ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengesahkan dimensi kepimpinan autentik di sekolah rendah di daerah Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. Bagi mengumpul data kajian, soal selidik kepimpinan autentik diadaptasi daripada instrumen Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) diedarkan secara dalam talian kepada 289 orang guru yang dipilih secara rawak melalui teknik pensampelan rawak berlapis. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, statistik inferensi dan Model Persamaan Struktur (SEM) berbantukan perisian AMOS. Hasil dapatan CFA menunjukkan tiga dimensi dan 10 tingkah laku dalam kepimpinan autentik diterima dan disahkan. Selain itu, hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan kempat-empat dimensi kepimpinan autentik berada pada tahap sederhana. Akhir sekali, kajian ini berjaya membangunkan model pengukuran kepimpinan autentik. Diharapkan kajian ini dapat menyumbang kepada kemajuan amalan gaya kepimpinan guru besar yang supaya memberi kepuasan kerja yang optimum kepada para guru di sekolah rendah di daerah Kuala Nerus dan seterusnya dijadikan panduan kepada pihak KPM dan IAB dalam usaha melahirkan guru besar atau pengetua yang berkualiti tinggi dan disegani oleh semua lapisan masyarakat.
Readiness of STEM Teachers to Implement STEM Education in Coastal Schools
STEM education is one of the programs given emphasis in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025. In this regard, the MOE is increasingly strengthening STEM education to attract more students to enter the STEM field at the school level. Therefore, this study aims to survey the readiness of Science, Mathematics, and RBT teachers to implement STEM education. This study is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional survey method. The instrument used was a set of questionnaires in the form of Google Forms. A total of 307 teachers from coastal primary and secondary schools in Kelantan were selected to be the study sample. Findings show that the level of readiness of STEM teachers implementing STEM education is moderate. While the level of knowledge and attitudes toward STEM education is high. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive relationship between teachers' readiness to implement STEM education with teachers' knowledge and attitudes towards STEM education for both teachers with less teaching experience (less than 5 years) and teachers with teaching experience (more than 5 years). In conclusion, teachers’ knowledge and attitudes influence teachers’ readiness in implementing STEM education. Teacher experience also affects teacher readiness, but not directly. Therefore, in order to increase the level of readiness of teachers, continuous training and professional courses need to be provided so that STEM teaching and learning are more effective and meaningful.
Geome3 Smart Kit Meningkatkan Kefahaman Konsep Poligon Dalam Kalangan Murid Tingkatan 2 Al Bukhari
Penguasaan pembelajaran geometri dalam matematik dikatakan membolehkan murid menyelesaikan masalah dan mengaplikasikannya dalam situasi dunia sebenar yang semakin kompleks. Namun penyoalan yang menggunakan elemen Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) telah membelenggu kebanyakan murid untuk menyelesai soalan pelbagai aras yang semakin mencabar minda. Kegagalan murid menguasai topik poligon secara menyeluruh mendorong pengkaji menggunakan pendekatan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (PdPc) berasaskan permainan (Game Based Learning) sebagai aktiviti pengukuhan. Objektif utama kajian adalah untuk melihat keberkesanan penggunaan GeoMe3 SMART Kit dalam meningkatkan kefahaman konsep poligon pelbagai aras dalam kalangan murid. Kajian ini melibatkan enam orang murid Tingkatan 2 dari SMK Putri Saadong, Bachok, Kelantan. Peserta kajian terdiri daripada dua orang lelaki dan empat orang perempuan. Reka bentuk kajian adalah dalam bentuk kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data-data kajian dikumpulkan melalui ujian pra dan pasca, analisis dokumen dan temu bual separa berstruktur. Dapatan kajian telah menunjukkan peningkatan min markah sebanyak 45.8 dalam ujian pasca berbanding dengan ujian pra. Seterusnya, dapatan temu bual daripada tiga orang murid mendapati peningkatan kefahaman dan keseronokan belajar dengan menggunakan GeoMe3 SMART Kit sebagai aktiviti pengukuhan. Koleksi kit GeoMe3 boleh ditambah dari semasa ke semasa mengikut keperluan bagi memantapkan isi kandungan permainan selaras dengan peningkatan tahap kognitif murid.
Pengaruh Guru Besar Dalam Penghayatan Kewarganegaraan Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Guru
Faktor kepimpinan sesebuah sekolah adalah penting dalam memupuk semangat kewarganegaraan guru bagi meningkatkan prestasi kerja guru. Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh guru besar dalam penghayatan kewarganegaraan guru terhadap prestasi kerja guru Sekolah Kebangsaan di daerah Kota Setar, Kedah. Reka bentuk kajian tinjauan berbentuk kuantitatif telah dipilih untuk kajian ini. Seramai 101 orang guru daripada lima buah Sekolah Kebangsaan dari daerah Kota Setar telah dipilih untuk kajian ini. Instrumen kajian Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) oleh Lo dan Ramayah (2009) digunakan untuk menganalisis dimensi-dimensi kewarganegaraan guru. Sementara pengukuran prestasi kerja guru di sekolah diukur dengan menggunakan soal selidik dalam instrumen Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire (TJPQ) oleh Saleem, Aslam, Hong dan Rao (2020). Kedua-dua alat ukur ini menggunakan skala Likert lima mata. Data kajian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 26 yang melibatkan analisis deskriptif, ujian- T sampel bebas, analisis varians ANOVA sehala, korelasi Pearson dan regresi Stepwise. Dapatan regresi stepwise menunjukkan dimensi kesungguhan dan dimensi kesopanan (r = .721, r2 = .521, p < .05) merupakan peramal kepada prestasi kerja guru Sekolah Kebangsaan di daerah Kota Setar. Dapatan kajian kertas penyelidikan ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pemimpin sekolah sebagai panduan dalam menilai aspek kewarganegaraan guru dalam membangunkan tahap kompetensi guru di sekolah. Selain itu, dapatan kajian kertas penyelidikan ini juga boleh menjadi rujukan asas untuk meningkatkan pelbagai aspek kewarganegaraan guru seperti kebajikan sivik, kesungguhan, altruisme dan kesopanan yang mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat kuat dengan prestasi kerja guru bagi meningkatkan prestasi kerja guru dan pencapaian sekolah secara keseluruhannya.
Transformational Leadership of Head Teachers and Levels of Conflict Management of National School Teachers in City Districts
The school is under a coherent and uniform education system but is composed of different leadership lines assisted by teachers who learn teaching using the same system and syllabus according to their respective options. What teachers will go through is working under diverse leadership styles and climates. The transformational leadership style is oriented to the existence of a climate conducive to subordinates. This study aims to identify the level of transformational leadership practice of headmasters, the level of conflict, differences significance of teachers according to gender, age and experience and the relationship between transformational leadership of headmaster and conflict among teachers of Sekolah Kebangsaan di Daerah Kota Setar. The study involved 30 respondents consisting of teachers Sekolah Kebangsaan di Daerah Kota Setar. The study variables were tested using descriptive statistics and inferences involving mean scores, standard deviations, independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVAs dan Pearson correlation. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0 for windows. The findings show that the transformational leadership of the headmasters (Min = 4.20; SD = .58 ) and the teacher conflict management (Min = 3.60; SD = .46 ) are high. Pearson's correlation analysis found that ten dimensions of headmasters’ transformational leadership had NO significant relationship with teacher conflict management. Finally, the findings of this study are expected to contribute significantly to the body of knowledge by highlighting the relationships among the variables involved. The findings of this study can also be used by certain parties to realize school excellence.
Level of Quran Reading Proficiency: A case Study of Arabic Language Students in Malaysia
The importance of mastering the recitation of the Qur'an among Muslims has prompted many researchers to study the level and ability of reciting the Qur'an, especially among Muslim students. The present study was conducted to examine the ability to read the Quran among students taking Arabic language courses at one of the public universities located in the East Coast, Malaysia. This quantitative study uses two methods, namely reading test and questionnaire survey method for the purpose of data collection. Respondents for the study were selected using purposive sampling technique. A total of 36 respondents were involved in this study. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results of descriptive analysis showed that the majority of respondents are weak in reading the Quran. The results of the survey also indicated that only 10.6 percent of the respondents obtained excellent scores (A and A-) in Arabic for the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) while less than half (38.9 percent) of respondents obtained excellent scores in the UBA 2012 Arabic course. The ability to speak in Arabic is also associated with the ability to read the Quran. Thus, future studies can be conducted to find out the relationship between achievement in Arabic language proficiency with the ability to read the Qur'an among students as well as the existence of other indicators that can affect the ability to read the Qur'an.