International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities (INSANIAH)
International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities (INSANIAH) is a high-quality peer-reviewed, open-access research journal that is published online by the Faculty for Language Studies and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan.
Psychometric and Cross-Cultural Applications of the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) : A Systematic Review
The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) developed by Baker and Siryk (1984;1989) remains one of the most widely utilised instruments for assessing students’ adjustment to higher education. However, variations in psychometric findings, factor structures, and contextual adaptations have increasingly emerged across studies. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesise empirical studies utilising the SACQ, with focus on its contexts of use, psychometric evidence, factor structures, adaptations, and research gaps. This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Studies published between 2007 and 2026 were retrieved from two electronic databases based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 57 studies were included and analysed descriptively and thematically. The findings indicated that the SACQ continues to be widely applied across diverse educational contexts and student populations, particularly among first-year undergraduate students and within cross-cultural settings. Variations in psychometric reporting, contextual adaptations, and factor structures were also identified across studies. Several research gaps emerged, including limited longitudinal and mixed-method studies, underrepresentation of vulnerable populations, and limited use of advanced psychometric methodologies. The review highlights the importance of continuous psychometric reassessment and contextual validation when applying the SACQ across different educational settings.
Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ)
A Sociocognitive Analysis of Translanguaging in an ESL speaking classroom
A paradigmatic change from monolingualism to plurilingualism in language education has given rise to the concept of translanguaging. In response to this, a growing amount of research has been carried out to revisit the role of first language on second language (L2) learning. However, there is a lack of studies conducted to explore in detail the dynamic nature of translanguaging within a classroom context. Thus, to fill this gap of knowledge, this study aims to provide an exhaustive analysis of translanguaging practices in an L2 classroom from the sociocognitive frame of reference. The research focus is on how translanguaging affects the students’ process of learning speaking skills. A group of 31 undergraduate students and their respective teacher in an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course were involved in this study. Data were collected through comprehensive classroom observations, a series of interviews, a demographic survey as well as relevant curriculum documents and student-participants’ academic records. Findings from the sociocognitive analysis have revealed that translanguaging is a complex process of ongoing physiological activities of adaptation and alignment. Students translanguaged as a means to be continuously and progressively tuned to the affordances available in the environment. This consequently influenced their personalised set of learning actions in the speaking classroom.
Governance Deficit and the Proliferation of Armed Banditry in Northwestern Nigeria: Evidence from Kaduna, Katsina, and Zamfara States
This study examines the intricate nexus between governance deficit and the persistent rise of armed banditry in three of Nigeria’s most affected states: Kaduna, Katsina, and Zamfara, over the period from 1999 to 2021. Drawing on a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative data collected from over a thousand respondents with qualitative insights from focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and in-depth interviews involving community members, government officials, and security actors. The research investigates the historical emergence, structural drivers, and operational dynamics of banditry, highlighting the perspectives of both victims and perpetrators. The findings reveal a compelling correlation between governance failures, characterized by widespread poverty, systemic corruption, weak institutional capacity, political exclusion, and neglect of rural communities, and the proliferation of non-state armed groups that have undermined state authority and eroded human security. The study further documents the devastating socio-economic impacts of this insecurity, including mass displacement, collapse of rural livelihoods, destruction of infrastructure, and growing state fragility. In evaluating the responses of state and federal authorities, the study finds that existing strategies, often militarized and reactive, have failed to address the structural roots of the crisis. It argues for a paradigm shift toward a governance-centered and human security–oriented framework that emphasizes inclusive development, accountability, institutional reform, and community engagement. The paper concludes that sustainable peace and development in Nigeria’s northwestern region can only be achieved through the restoration of state legitimacy and the strengthening of governance mechanisms capable of addressing structural inequalities and delivering public goods effectively.
Penerapan Psikologi Sufi dalam Menangani Kemurungan: Kajian di Masjid Jamek Al-Hikmah, Kuang, Selangor
Sufi adalah penyebutan untuk mereka yang mendalami sufisme atau ilmu tasawwuf. Ia memfokuskan ilmu cara penyucian jiwa, pembentukan akhlak, pembangunan lahir dan batin untuk memperoleh kebahagian abadi. Psikologi sufi adalah sebuah usaha terapi dalam ajaran tasawuf untuk mengatasi masalah dengan menggunakan nilai-nilai sufisme sebagai rawatan dan pencegahan. Terdapat tiga objektif dalam kajian ini iaitu, membincangkan tahap pengetahuan psikologi sufi, penerapan psikologi sufi dan mengenalpasti cara psikologi sufi menangani kemurungan yang dijalankan dalam kalangan jemaah masjid Jamek al-Hikmah, Kuang, Selangor. Metodologi kajian ialah pendekatan kualitatif bereka bentuk kajian kes yang berkaitan dengan penyiasatan terhadap perubahan informan. Temu bual separa berstruktur digunakan kepadasepuluh orang informan terpilih yang telah mengikuti pengajian secara konsisten selama enam tahun. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa psikologi sufi mampu menangani kemurungan dalam kalangan jemaah Masjid Jamek al-Hikmah sekiranya diterapkan secara berdisiplin dan konsisten.
Communication Strategies and Intercultural Adjustments of Indonesian SIE in Germany
As a result of globalization, the chances for self-initiated expatriates (SIE) to work abroad have broadened. Germany is one of the countries that has opened its borders to expatriates due to the workforce crisis in that developed nation. Despite Germany’s reputation as full of ‘unfriendly people’, Indonesian self-initiated expatriates still decide to work there. This phenomenon attracts the researcher to conduct research within the focus areas of self-initiated expatriates' intercultural adjustment and communication strategies. The goal of this study is to understand how Indonesian self-initiated expatriates adjust themselves to German culture and the communication strategies they use to solve intercultural communication problems during their adjustment period. For the data collection, this study employs semi-structured interviews. The participants of this study are three Indonesian female professionals who work at educational institutions in Germany and three Indonesian male professionals who work in the engineering industries in Germany. The results of the interview sessions showed that the most difficult work adjustment challenges faced by Indonesian self-initiated expatriates are related to language barriers and cultural differences. To navigate the world of work in developed Germany, the communication strategies frequently utilized by these Indonesian self-initiated expatriates are non-verbal language, achieving clarity, and information-seeking.
Kerancuan Bahasa dalam Filem Zim Zim Ala Kazim
Kerancuan bahasa yang semakin berleluasa kian menggugat kedudukan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa Kebangsaan. Media elektronik yang semakin canggih seperti televisyen sering menyiarkan filem-filem di Malaysia yang menggunakan bahasa kerancuan. Fenomena ini secara perlahan menghakis fungsi dan kepentingan bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan masyarakat. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan khusus kepada filem Zim-Zim Ala Kazim yang dipilih sebagai bahan kajian kerana penggunaan bahasa dalam loghat masyarakat Malaysia yang berbilang budaya menggambarkan realiti. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan konsep kerancuan bahasa serta mengkaji bentuk-bentuk kerancuan bahasa yang terdapat dalam dialog filem ini berdasarkan teori Teo Kok Seong. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap data yang diperoleh daripada dialog dalam filem yang kemudiannya dikategorikan mengikut fenomena kerancuan bahasa yang dominan untuk dianalisis. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat kerancuan bahasa yang disebabkan oleh percampuran kod dan penggunaan slanga dalam filem Zim Zim Ala Kazim. Kerancuan bahasa ini melibatkan pencampuran bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Inggeris serta penggunaan bahasa yang tunggang-langgan sebagai gaya bahasa yang moden. Situasi ini menunjukkan bagaimana filem dapat menjadi faktor yang menyumbang kepada penghakisan keaslian bahasa Melayu. Namun begitu, bolehlah dianggap bahawa kerancuan bahasa dalam filem berunsur keagamaan ini dianggap sebagai satu bahasa fesyen yang unik untuk menarik perhatian penonton. The increasing prevalence of language confusion is gradually undermining the position of the Malay language as the national language. Advanced electronic media, such as television, often broadcast films in Malaysia that feature mixed or confused language usage. This phenomenon slowly erodes the function and significance of the Malay language in society. This study focuses specifically on the film Zim-Zim Ala Kazim, which was selected as the subject of research because its use of language in the dialects of Malaysia’s multicultural society reflects reality. The objective of this study is to explain the concept of language confusion and to examine the forms of such confusion found in the film’s dialogues, based on Teo Kok Seong’s theory. The research was conducted by analyzing data obtained from the film’s dialogues, which were then categorized according to the dominant phenomena of language confusion for further analysis. The findings indicate that language confusion in Zim Zim Ala Kazim is caused by code-switching and the use of slang. This includes the mixing of Malay and English, as well as the use of disordered or non-standard language as a form of modern expression. This situation demonstrates how films can be a factor contributing to the erosion of the authenticity of the Malay language. However, the researcher argues that in the case of this religious-themed film, such language confusion can be regarded as a unique linguistic style intended to capture the audience’s attention.
Manhaj Kritik Matan Hadis: Konsep Dan Aplikasi
Kajian ini meneroka konsep dan aplikasi Manhaj Kritik Matan Hadis sebagai suatu disiplin ilmu hadis yang fundamental. Ia memberikan penekanan kepada analisis kritikal terhadap teks (matan) hadis, sebagai pelengkap kepada penelitian terhadap rantaian periwayat (sanad). Dengan mengaplikasikan metodologi kualitatif berteraskan pendekatan istidlal(inferens) dan jadali (dialektik), analisis dilaksanakan terhadap pandangan-pandangan autoritatif dalam kalangan ulama hadis dan fiqh. Hasil kajian mengabsahkan bahawa kritikan matan bukanlah suatu inovasi terkemudian, sebaliknya merupakan amalan yang berakar umbi sejak era sahabat. Kepentingan manhaj ini didorong oleh beberapa faktor, antaranya amalan periwayatan secara makna (al-Riwayah bi al-Ma'na), potensi kesilapan tidak sengaja (wahm) dalam kalangan perawi yang dipercayai (thiqah), serta kewujudan riwayat yang bercelaru (mudhtarib) dan mengandungi sisipan atau tambahan (mudraj). Selanjutnya, kajian ini mendapati bahawa aplikasi manhaj ini melangkaui sekadar penentuan kesahihan riwayat; ia turut berfungsi sebagai instrumen kritikal bagi menangani interpretasi ekstremis dan penyelewengan makna teks hadis, khususnya yang sering dieksploitasi oleh kumpulan teroris. Justeru, dirumuskan bahawa pendekatan holistik yang menyepadukan kritikan sanad dan matan adalah suatu keperluan mandatori bagi memastikan pemahaman yang tepat, seimbang, dan autoritatif terhadap korpus Sunnah Nabawiyyah. This paper elaborates on the concept and application of the Methodology of Hadith Text Criticism as a fundamental discipline within hadith studies. It emphasizes the critical analysis of the hadith text (matn) as a complement to the examination of the chain of narrators (sanad). By applying a qualitative methodology based on inferential (istidlal) and dialectical (jadali) approaches, an analysis of authoritative views among scholars of hadith and Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) was conducted. The findings validate that hadith text criticism is not a later innovation but is, in fact, a practice rooted in the era of the Prophet's companions. The significance of this methodology is driven by several factors, including the practice of non-verbatim transmission (al-Riwayah bi al-Ma'na), the potential for unintentional errors (wahm) among trustworthy narrators (thiqah), and the existence of confounded (mudhtarib) and interpolated (mudraj) narrations. Furthermore, this study finds that the application of this methodology extends beyond merely determining the authenticity of a narration; it also functions as a critical instrument for addressing and refuting extremist interpretations and the distortion of hadith texts, particularly those often exploited by terrorist groups. Therefore, it is concluded that a holistic approach integrating both chain of narrators (sanad) and text (matn) criticism is a mandatory requirement to ensure a precise, balanced, and authoritative understanding of the corpus of the Prophetic Sunnah.
Wacana Budaya India dan Melayu dalam Naratif Novel Sangeetha: Satu Pendekatan Silang Budaya
Malaysia dikenali sebagai sebuah negara berbilang kaum, yang mana semangat saling menghormati dalam kalangan masyarakat pelbagai etnik menjadi asas kepada keharmonian negara. Kepelbagaian budaya ini bukan sahaja terserlah dalam interaksi harian, malah turut diungkap secara signifikan melalui karya sastera. Salah satu contoh yang menonjol ialah Sangeetha, sebuah novel karya penulis tersohor negara, Azizi Haji Abdullah. Menerusi karya ini, Azizi meneroka dinamika pemahaman antara budaya, khususnya antara komuniti Melayu dan India. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti representasi budaya tersurat dan budaya tersirat dalam novel Sangeetha, serta menganalisis bagaimana elemen-elemen tersebut berfungsi sebagai medium komunikasi antara budaya dalam memupuk perpaduan sosial. Kajian ini menggunakan Teori Bongkah Ais sebagai kerangka analisis bagi meneliti dimensi budaya yang dapat dilihat iaitu budaya tersurat dan dimensi budaya yang tersirat seperti pemikiran serta nilai masyarakat. Kaedah analisis kandungan digunakan untuk memperoleh data, manakala analisis tematik diaplikasikan bagi mengenal pasti tema-tema utama dalam teks. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa budaya tersurat yang dominan dalam novel ini merangkumi aspek pekerjaan dan aktiviti ekonomi, pakaian tradisi dan seni muzik. Sementara itu, budaya tersirat yang dikenal pasti melibatkan peranan wanita, pegangan agama dan kepercayaan serta bahasa. Analisis juga mendapati bahawa interaksi antara watak daripada latar budaya berbeza digambarkan melalui proses penyesuaian budaya, perkongsian simbol budaya, dan rundingan identiti yang menyumbang kepada pembentukan persefahaman bersama. Penemuan ini membuktikan bahawa Sangeetha bukan sekadar karya kreatif, tetapi turut berperanan sebagai dokumen budaya yang merakam dan memelihara nilai bersama, falsafah hidup, adat resam, dan ekspresi seni masyarakat majmuk. Kajian ini memberikan pandangan kritikal tentang peranan sastera sebagai medium komunikasi antara budaya dalam memupuk perpaduan sosial dan keharmonian, sekali gus menegaskan kekayaan budaya Malaysia serta keupayaan sastera dalam merapatkan jurang budaya. Malaysia is recognized as a multicultural nation in which the spirit of mutual respect among diverse ethnic communities forms the foundation of national harmony. This cultural diversity is not only evident in everyday interactions but is also significantly expressed through literary works. One prominent example is Sangeetha, a novel by the renowned Malaysian writer Azizi Haji Abdullah. Through this work, Azizi explores the dynamics of intercultural understanding, particularly between the Malay and Indian communities. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the representations of surface culture and deep culture in Sangeetha, as well as to analyze how these elements function as a medium of intercultural communication in fostering social cohesion. This study employs the Iceberg Theory as an analytical framework to examine both surface cultural dimensions and deep culture (the underlying) cultural aspects embedded in societal values and thought. Content analysis is used to obtain data, while thematic analysis is applied to identify the main themes within the text. The findings indicate that the dominant surface cultural elements in the novel include occupations and economic activities, traditional attire, and musical arts. Meanwhile, the deep cultural elements identified involve the roles of women, religious beliefs and practices, and language. The analysis also reveals that interactions between characters from different cultural backgrounds are portrayed through processes of cultural adaptation, the sharing of cultural symbols, and identity negotiation, all of which contribute to the development of mutual understanding. These findings demonstrate that Sangeetha is not merely a creative work but also functions as a cultural document that records and preserves shared values, philosophies of life, customs, and artistic expressions of a plural society. This study offers critical insights into the role of literature as a medium of intercultural communication in fostering social cohesion and harmony, while underscoring the richness of Malaysian culture and the capacity of literature to bridge cultural divides.
Effect of Scramble Game on Senior Secondary School Students’ Yorùbá Vocabulary Achievement in Kogi-West Senatorial District, Nigeria
This study investigated the effectiveness of Scramble Game in enhancing Yorùbá vocabulary achievement among senior secondary school students in Kogi-west Senatorial District, Nigeria. Using a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design, the study compared the vocabulary achievement of students taught using Scramble Game with those taught using conventional teaching method. A total of 100 students participated in the study, with 50 assigned to the experimental and control group respectively. The Yorùbá Vocabulary Achievement Test (YVAT) was used to assess students’ proficiency before and after the intervention. The findings revealed that students in the experimental group significantly outperformed those in the Conventional Method group, demonstrating the potency of game-based learning in improving vocabulary retention. The Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) results confirmed that Scramble Game had a statistically significant effect on students’ post-test scores (F(1, 73) = 49.511, p < 0.05), reinforcing its efficacy as a vocabulary learning tool. Additionally, the study found no significant difference in vocabulary achievement between male and female students (F(1, 73) = 0.263, p > 0.05), indicating that Scramble Game is equally beneficial for both genders. The study concluded that Scramble Game is a valuable instructional tool that can revitalise Yorùbá language education and improve students' vocabulary mastery. Based on these findings, the study recommends the integration of game-based learning into Yorùbá language instruction to enhance student engagement and achievement. Also, teachers should be trained on how to implement educational games effectively, while policymakers should consider curriculum revisions to incorporate interactive learning strategies. Future research should explore the long-term effects of game-based learning, its application in other indigenous languages, and its potential in digital learning environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities (INSANIAH)
Aplikasi Ijtihad dan Penetapan Syariat Islam dalam Kanun Jenayah Syariah II(1993) 2015 Kelantan
Syariat Islam bertujuan mengatur sistem dan menjaga kemaslahatan manusia dalam segenap aspek kehidupan. Pelaksanaannya sangat penting bukan sahaja dari sudut tuntutan agama malah demi kesejahteraan hidup dalam sesebuah masyarakat. Salah satu komponen syariat penting bagi mencapai hasrat tersebut adalah undang-undang jenayah melibatkan hudud, takzir dan qisas. Kerajaan Negeri Kelantan yang ditadbir oleh Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) telah melaksana usaha sejak 1993 bagi merealisasikan pelaksanaan perundangan tersebut melalui Kanun Jenayah Syariah II (1993) 2015 (KJS) yang telah melalui proses pindaan pada 2015. Walau bagaimanapun selain isu perlembagaan dan bidang kuasa, masih timbul persoalan terhadap aplikasi ijtihad kanun ini adakah menepati dalam konteks keperluan semasa mengikut ketetapan syariat. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif melalui rujukan kepustakaan termasuk dokumen-dokumen penting berkaitan dan juga sesi temu bual mendalam bersama informan penting yang terlibat berkaitan KJS II. Hasil kajian mendapati KJS II mengandungi 71 seksyen dan empat jadual serta terdiri daripada enam bahagian termasuk Hudud, Qisas dan Takzir. Kanun ini juga memperuntukkan aspek pentadbiran melibatkan hal ehwal berkaitan mahkamah, pelantikan hakim, gaji dan keistimewaan hakim-hakim.
From Marginalization to Militancy: Understanding Banditry through the Lens of Governance Failure in Nigeria
The persistence and escalation of banditry in Nigeria—particularly across the country’s Northwest region reflecting a deep-seated governance failure that has eroded the state’s legitimacy and capacity to provide public goods. Far from being isolated acts of criminality, the widespread violence attributed to armed bandit groups exposes the structural weaknesses of governance manifested in institutional decay, socio-economic exclusion, and rural neglect. This study interrogates the link between governance failure and the evolution of banditry, arguing that the phenomenon represents not merely a security challenge but a systemic outcome of political, economic, and institutional dysfunction. Drawing on qualitative data generated from key informant interviews and focus group discussions conducted in Kaduna, Katsina, and Zamfara States, the research applies the theoretical lenses of Failed State Theory and the Political Economy of Violence to explain how state incapacity and structural inequalities have fostered violent non-state formations. Empirical findings reveal that the erosion of state presence in rural communities, elite corruption, youth unemployment, and the weakening of traditional governance institutions have collectively created conditions for the transformation of local grievances into organized armed militancy. Bandit groups have gradually evolved into quasi-political actors, establishing informal governance systems, imposing taxes, and controlling local economies in spaces where state authority has receded. The paper contributes to existing scholarship by providing contextually grounded evidence from community-level narratives, which are often missing in broader analyses of insecurity in Nigeria. Theoretically, it bridges the gap between structural governance failure and the informal political economy of violence, demonstrating how both reinforce each other in perpetuating instability. Policy-wise, the study advances an alternative framework that transcends militarized countermeasures by emphasizing inclusive governance, rural economic revitalization, justice sector reforms, and the reinvigoration of traditional and community-based institutions. It concludes that sustainable peace and security in Northwestern Nigeria require rebuilding state legitimacy through equitable service delivery, transparent leadership, and participatory development.
The Role of Influencers in Shaping Political Participation Through Psychological Mechanisms
The rise of social media influencers in Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, has significantly reshaped traditional modes of political engagement and communication. This study examines the psychological mechanisms through which influencers affect political participation, focusing on parasocial interaction, social identity formation, narrative persuasion, and heuristic processing. Using a qualitative, thematic content analysis of secondary data drawn from platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook during Malaysia’s 15th General Election (GE15), the study explores how influencers frame political messages and mobilize their audiences across various demographic segments. The findings reveal that influencers serve as informal yet highly influential intermediaries of political content, particularly effective among younger, digitally native voters who often distrust or disengage from mainstream political actors. By leveraging emotional relatability, perceived authenticity, and real-time engagement, influencers play a pivotal role in shaping political awareness, opinion formation, and participatory behaviours. Additionally, the study considers the dual nature of this influence—highlighting both the potential for positive civic engagement and the risks associated with misinformation, performative activism, and political polarization. Ultimately, the paper underscores the growing importance of influencer-led advocacy in Malaysia's digital political landscape and emphasizes the urgent need for ethical guidelines and regulatory oversight to safeguard democratic discourse and ensure responsible political communication in the age of algorithm-driven influence.
Empirical Assessment of Social Media in Mobilising Voters during the 2023 Presidential Election in Nigeria
Social media platforms are increasingly being adapted into mainstream communication systems and are useful in politics, healthcare, social movements and more. Whether it is information dissemination or mobilisation and advocacy, the platforms are considered to be largely utilised in twenty-first century. The objective of this study was to examine social media platforms as tools for voter mobilisation during the 2023 presidential conducted in Nigeria. It was anchored on the uses and gratifications theory. The researchers adopted the cross-sectional descriptive research design relying on survey as instrument of data collection. The mixed-techniques of online survey link and in-person administration techniques were leveraged to carefully distribute the survey to a determined sample of 587 respondents from the population of 9,259,968 following the multistage sampling procedures which include purposive, stratification and simple random stages. The Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) version 26 was relied upon for analysing the survey data. Findings of the study showed that there was use of social media platforms during the 2023 presidential election in Nigeria and that Facebook, X, WhatsApp, Instagram were the most prominent. The study also demonstrated that there was a greater use of the platforms during the period. Furthermore, the study also showed that social media platforms were effective tools for mobilising voters to participate in the electoral process in the 2023 presidential election. The researchers concluded that the platforms are now greatly utilised due to their importance and recommended that political parties and their candidates leverage the access and use by younger voters to use social media in future elections to mobilise the electorate.
Komunikasi Interpersonal Asas dalam Pembangunan Pelan Strategik Komunikasi Inklusif di Universiti Islam Selangor
Komunikasi interpersonal dalam pendidikan tinggi merupakan asas penting untuk memastikan keterlibatan bermakna pelajar Orang Kurang Upaya (OKU). Kajian ini meneliti keperluan pembangunan pelan strategik komunikasi inklusif di Universiti Islam Selangor (UIS) dengan menekankan peranan komunikasi interpersonal sebagai landasan teori dan praktikal. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan berkaedah campuran dan temu bual separa struktur sebagai data rintis untuk mengenal pasti keperluan reka bentuk pelan strategik komunikasi inklusif di UIS. Daripada populasi 617, sejumlah 52 responden (n = 52) telah diperoleh dan dianalisis. Walaupun bilangan ini tidak mencapai saiz sampel ideal untuk generalisasi, data ini digunakan sebagai data rintis untuk mengenal pasti corak awal dan merangka intervensi lanjut. Selain itu, pengkaji turut menyokong dapatan kajian dengan melakukan temu bual mendalam bersama 8 orang pelajar OKU UIS daripada pelbagai kategori. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan tahap interaksi dengan pelajar OKU sederhana positif (Min = 3.63, SP = 0.43), namun aspek sokongan prasarana mesra OKU masih rendah (Min = 2.60, SP = 0.69). Manakala hasil dapatan temu bual menegaskan pentingnya komunikasi empatik, saluran maklumat mesra akses, dan sokongan rakan sebaya sebagai faktor penentu kepada keberkesanan inklusif. Keseluruhan membuktikan komunikasi interpersonal berasaskan empati, keterbukaan, dan mekanisme dua hala dapat mengurangkan jurang pengalaman serta meningkatkan penyertaan pelajar OKU dalam ekosistem kampus. Dari sudut teori komunikasi interpersonel, kajian ini menegaskan bahawa medium pertukaran maklumat menjadi instrumen sosial untuk membina kepercayaan, sokongan emosi, dan rasa kebersamaan. Kajian ini mencadangankan pembinaan modul latihan komunikasi inklusif, penambahbaikan saluran maklumat, serta pengukuhan dasar universiti yang lebih responsif. Kesimpulannya, pembangunan pelan strategik komunikasi inklusif berasaskan komunikasi interpersonal amat penting bagi memastikan persekitaran pendidikan adil, empatik, dan sejajar dengan prinsip rahmah serta ihsan dalam pendidikan.
Strategies in English to Malay Translation of Metaphor, Hyperbole, and Imagery in Selected Passages of the Novel The Fault in Our Stars
Figurative language, including metaphor, hyperbole, and imagery enriches literary narratives by adding depth and nuance. Translating such figurative expressions poses significant challenges due to the implicit and culturally rooted meanings they often convey. This study analyzes the strategies used in the English-to-Malay translation of selected passages from John Green's novel ‘The Fault in Our Stars’ by employing a descriptive qualitative approach. The research adopts the translation techniques framework proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), examining how these methods facilitate the transfer of meaning and stylistic effect from source to target text. Findings reveal that mainly literal translation and borrowing are used to render figurative language in the Malay version of the novel, with less frequent use of modulation and transposition. The study underscores the importance of choosing appropriate translation methods tailored to the figurative device and cultural context to preserve the intended meaning and sense. These insights have some implications for translators working on English-to-Malay literary texts and contribute to the broader understanding of translation strategies in figurative language transfer.
Bibliometric Mapping of Determinants of Attrition Among Distance Learners in Developing Countries
The rapid expansion of distance learning in developing countries has highlighted persistent challenges, particularly high attrition rates. Despite its potential to bridge educational gaps, distance education faces significant dropout rates, often exceeding 50%, undermining its equity and efficiency goals. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to map research trends, key determinants, and emerging themes related to attrition among distance learners in developing contexts. Using the Scopus database, 175 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2004 and 2025 were analysed. The study employed bibliometric techniques, including co-citation and keyword co-occurrence analysis, visualised via VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel. PRISMA guidelines ensured systematic data collection and analysis, focusing on publication trends, productive journals, influential countries, and intellectual structures. Findings revealed a surge in research post-2020, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. Leading journals included the British Journal of Educational Technology and Computers & Education, while China, India, and Malaysia dominated publication output. Key themes centred on student motivation, institutional support, and technological barriers, with emerging focus areas like digital poverty and social inclusion. Co-citation analysis highlighted a reliance on Western theoretical frameworks, underscoring gaps in localised models. The study underscores the need for context-specific strategies to address attrition, emphasising infrastructure investment, pedagogical adaptations, and policy reforms. It calls for interdisciplinary collaboration and regionally tailored research to enhance retention in distance education systems across developing countries.
Peranan Muzium dan Akademia dalam Memperkasakan Sejarah Islam di Kelantan
ABSTRAK Peranan muzium masa kini semakin meluas daripada fungsi konservatif kepada agen ilmu dan pembangunan ekonomi melalui konsep “kluster muzium” serta pelancongan patuh syariah. Apabila digandingkan dengan dunia akademik, muzium berpotensi menampilkan naratif sejarah Islam yang lebih tepat dan kontekstual. Namun, di Kelantan, hubungan antara institusi muzium dan akademia masih perlu diperkasa agar dapat memperkukuh peranan mereka dalam mempersembahkan warisan Islam tempatan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui analisis dokumen untuk meneliti hubungan strategik antara kedua-dua institusi tersebut. Sumber data diperoleh daripada bahan arkib, laporan institusi, rekod pameran dan penerbitan seperti majalah Pengasuh. Tumpuan diberikan kepada pelbagai aset sejarah Islam Kelantan termasuk bukti awal Islamisasi, sistem pondok tradisional dan budaya keilmuan. Kajian turut menilai pameran muzium, dasar pelancongan serta trend pemuziuman baharu yang menekankan keterlibatan masyarakat, penggunaan teknologi interaktif dan prinsip pemuziuman Islamik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan keperluan untuk memperkukuh muzium di Malaysia melalui bimbingan pakar akademik, penerapan teknologi digital dan sokongan organisasi bukan kerajaan. Reka bentuk pameran yang inklusif serta penglibatan masyarakat juga penting dalam memantapkan kefahaman terhadap sejarah Islam. Jaringan kerjasama seperti inisiatif AL-ASAR di Muzium Pahang menjadi contoh sinergi yang boleh dicontohi. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa kolaborasi antara kurator dan akademia perlu diperluas bagi menghasilkan pameran berasaskan penyelidikan yang mampu memperkukuh pemahaman terhadap tamadun Islam di Kelantan. ABSTRACT The contemporary role of museums has expanded beyond mere preservation to become catalysts of knowledge and drivers of economic development through the concepts of “museum clusters” and Shariah-compliant tourism. When aligned with academia, museums have the potential to present Islamic history in a more accurate, critical, and contextual manner. In Kelantan, however, the collaboration between museums and academic institutions remains limited and requires further strengthening to enhance the presentation of local Islamic heritage. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using document analysis to examine the strategic relationship between museums and academia. Data were collected from archival sources, institutional reports, exhibition records, and publications such as Pengasuh magazine. The study focuses on key elements of Kelantan’s Islamic heritage, including early evidence of Islamisation, the traditional pondok education system, and the intellectual culture. It also reviews museum exhibitions, tourism policies, and new museological trends that emphasize community engagement, interactive technologies, and the integration of Islamic museology principles. Findings indicate that Malaysian museums should be strengthened through academic guidance, the use of digital technologies, and support from non-governmental organizations. Inclusive exhibition designs and active community participation are also crucial in enhancing public understanding of Islamic history. Collaborative initiatives such as the AL-ASAR program at the Pahang State Museum exemplify effective synergy between museums and academia. The study concludes that deeper cooperation between curators and scholars is essential in developing research-based exhibitions that reinforce understanding of Islamic civilisation in Kelantan.
Faktor dan Implikasi Perkahwinan Tanpa Kebenaran di Negeri Kelantan
ABSTRACT Unauthorized marriages refer to marriages that are considered invalid under the Islamic Family Law Enactment in Malaysia. According to reports issued by the relevant authorities, the number of unauthorized marriage cases has been on the rise year after year, particularly in Kelantan. A total of 1,600 cases were recorded in 2021, which increased to 2,095 cases in 2022. This increase has raised concerns among religious authorities regarding the validity of these marriages, the protection of the rights of the spouses and children, as well as the long-term impact on family institutions. The objective of this study is to identify the factors and implications of unauthorized marriages in Kelantan, while also analyzing the statistics of such cases at the Syariah Prosecutor's Office in Kelantan. This study adopts a qualitative approach using case analysis methodology. Data collection was carried out through literature review, official documents, and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using a thematic analysis approach. The findings of the study reveal that while unauthorized marriages are deemed valid under Islamic law, they violate legal provisions. The factors contributing to unauthorized marriages include obstacles in the marriage registration procedure, documentation issues, and a lack of literacy regarding marriage registration. The study concludes that unauthorized marriages have negative implications for the wife, children, family, guardianship, inheritance, and both religious and legal institutions. The increasing number of unauthorized marriage cases between 2019 and 2023 warrants serious attention, particularly from religious authorities and family institutions, to raise public awareness about the importance of complying with Islamic legal provisions and ensuring stricter and more consistent enforcement of the law. ABSTRAK Perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran merupakan satu bentuk perkahwinan yang tidak sah menurut Enakmen Undang-undang Keluarga Islam di Malaysia. Berdasarkan laporan yang dikeluarkan oleh pihak berautoriti, kes perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran menunjukkan peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun terutamanya di Kelantan. Sebanyak 1600 kes direkodkan pada tahun 2021 meningkat 2095 kes tahun 2022. Peningkatan ini menimbulkan kebimbangan dalam kalangan pihak berkuasa agama terhadap kesahihan perkahwinan, perlindungan hak pasangan dan anak-anak serta kesan jangka panjang terhadap institusi kekeluargaan. Objektif kajian ini mengenalpasti faktor dan implikasi perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran di Kelantan. Dalam pada itu, menganalisis statistik kes perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran di Jabatan Pendakwaan Syariah Negeri Kelantan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah analisis kes. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui rujukan kepustakaan, dokumen rasmi, dan temu bual. Manakala analisis data menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati hukum perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran adalah sah dari sudut syarak namun melanggar peruntukan undang-undang. Faktor berlakunya perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran disebabkan kekangan prosedur perkahwinan, masalah dokumentasi dan kurang literasi berhubung pendaftaran perkahwinan. Kajian merumuskan perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran memberi implikasi negatif terhadap isteri, anak, keluarga, perwalian, pewarisan, institusi agama dan perundangan. Peningkatan kes perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran dalam tempoh lima tahun (2019-2023) memerlukan perhatian serius terutama pihak berkuasa agama dan institusi kekeluargaan. Hal ini bagi meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat tentang kepentingan mematuhi perundangan Islam yang ditetapkan serta memastikan penguatkuasaan undang-undang yang lebih ketat dan konsisten.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities (INSANIAH)
Kemiskinan Jiwa: Kajian terhadap Tahap Pengisian Jiwa Semasa Pandemik
Manusia dibekalkan dengan unsur rohani, jasmani dan intelektual dalam mengendalikan tugasnya sebaga hamba Allah. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat pelbagai masalah yang dikaitkan dengan isu kemiskinan jiwa yang mana ia berpunca daripada kegagalan mengendalikan hawa nafsu dalam kehidupan seharian. Kemiskinan jiwa menjadikan pelbagai masalah yang timbul, contohnya tekanan (depresi) dan kemurungan yang serius. Ia melanda masyarakat hari ini terutama apabila krisis pandemik COVID-19 yang melanda seluruh negara. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti aspek yang perlu diambil kira untuk mengelakkan kemiskinan jiwa. Ia juga bertujuan mengupas mengenai tahap amalan pengisian jiwa di kalangan masyarakat Islam sebelum dan dalam tempoh menghadapi isu terkini iaitu COVID-19. Kaedah yang diguna pakai dalam kajian ini adalah pengumpulan data iaitu kajian kepustakaan dan soal selidik kepada 195 masyarakat Malaysia yang terdiri dari beberapa kawasan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kenormalan (Normality Test) dengan menggunakan SPSS 23.0. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tahap amalan pengisian jiwa lebih tinggi dilakukan ketika berlaku krisis COVID-19. Beberapa elemen yang boleh diambil untuk mengelak daripada berlaku kemiskinan jiwa adalah melalui amalan keagamaan dan nilai baik yang ada pada setiap individu Muslim. Elemen ini mampu menangani dari berlaku kemiskinan jiwa di kalangan masyarakat seterusnya membantu ke arah kesejahteraan jiwa dalam menghadapi kesusahan di hari mendatang.
Cabaran Memperkukuh Kesepaduan Sosial dalam Masyarakat Superdiversity di Malaysia
Malaysia kini terdiri daripada masyarakat superdiversity yang berbeza bahasa, budaya, warna kulit, agama, adat resam dan sebagainya. Justeru, superdiversity ini menjadi cabaran kepada masyarakat Malaysia untuk memperkukuhkan kesepaduan sosial yang dikecapi hari ini. Mengurus masyarakat superdiversitybukan suatu perkara yang mudah kerana kerana ia memerlukan pelbagai pendekatan dan strategi supaya masyarakat dapat menerima serta membina hubungan bekerjasama. Pelbagai usaha yang dilaksanakan oleh pihak kerajaan dalam memantau hubungan masyarakat supaya tidak timbul konflik dan ketegangan. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti cabaran dalam memperkukuhkan kesepaduan sosial dalam masyarakat superdiversity. Artikel ini menggunakan kaedah pengumpulan data melalui kaedah kepustakaan untuk mendapatkan maklumat yang diperlukan dan analisis kandungan digunakan bagi tujuan penganalisisan data. Hasil dapatan mendapati cabaran dalam memperkukuh masyarakat superdiversity merangkumi aspek etnik, agama, budaya, sosioekonomi, politik dan pendidikan. Pendekatan yang bijaksana dan kerjasama daripada semua pihak diperlukan bagi menghadapi cabaran ini seterusnya mengekalkan kesepaduan sosial.
Anxiety In Oral Presentation Among ESL Students: Factors and Strategies
Oral anxiety is one of the factors that impede students’ speaking proficiency, and may create unpleasant learning experiences especially in an English as a Second Language (ESL) context. This paper is based on the pedagogical research which focuses on the factors causing ESL students’ anxiety in an in-class English oral presentation. The idea is to identify factors that cause ESL students to get anxious during in-class English oral presentation and to consider oral anxiety coping strategies that are effective for the students. The research is divided in two parts. The first part is literature review and second part is survey development which could be used to find out the ESL students’ oral anxiety with regards to in-class presentation. This paper will only be focusing on the first part of the research. The literature review in this paper was conducted around two research questions: 1) What are the factors that contribute to students’ anxiety in in-class English oral presentation, and 2) What are the strategies students use to reduce their anxiety in in-class English oral presentation? The review is based on previous published journal articles where the findings were compared to identify the best practices. The discussion from this literature review will be used as a basis for the researchers in developing survey in order to investigate the ESL students’ oral anxiety in in-class presentation.
Titen: Kearifan Tempatan Masyarakat Jawa Ketika Menghadapi Bencana Alam
Masyarakat Jawa adalah masyarakat yang telah lama wujud di Indonesia dan tergolong dalam salah satu kaum yang cukup besar di sana. Masyarakat Jawa telah lama dikenal sebagai masyarakat yang mempunyai budaya, kepercayaan, dan pengetahuan rohani yang tinggi yang dapat mengembangkan keharmonian antara dirinya dengan pencipta dan alam. Pengetahuan spiritual yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat Jawa dikenal sebagai Kejawen. Bencana alam adalah bencana yang tidak dapat dielakkan; namun, kedatangan mereka dapat diramalkan. Salah satu kearifan lokal orang Jawa adalah ilmu "titen," atau ilmu mengingat. Orang-orang Jawa dari zaman dahulu menggunakan pengetahuan ini untuk meramalkan berlakunya bencana. Orang-orang Jawa telah lama bersatu dengan alam dan dapat membaca tanda-tanda alam sebelum bencana berlaku. Pelbagai tanda semula jadi dapat dirasakan sebelum bencana, seperti letusan gunung berapi yang ditandai dengan turunnya haiwan, tanah runtuh yang ditandai dengan penggunaan tali, dan sebagainya. Kedatangan pandemi di suatu daerah dapat ditandai dengan komet di daerah tertentu, yang dikenal sebagai kemintang lintang. Walaupun kepercayaan terhadap tanda-tanda alam ini kelihatan tidak logik pada masa kini dengan teknologi moden, ia masih berlaku dan sesuai digunakan hari ini.
Faktor Pendorong dan Kejayaan Usahawan Wanita di Kelantan
Penglibatan wanita dalam bidang perniagaan semakin bertambah dan berkembang. Hal ini memberi kesan positif kepada ekonomi negara. Malah, kejayaan wanita telah membuka mata banyak pihak tentang kebolehan usahawan wanita dalam memperkasakan ekonomi negara. Usaha dan kegigihan dalam mengendalikan perniagaan membuktikan sifat kental dan kesabaran yang tinggi kerana bidang perniagaan memerlukan pelbagai strategi untuk mencapai kejayaan. Ramai golongan wanita melibatkan diri dalam perniagaan khususnya usahawan wanita di Kelantan yang mencipta pelbagai kejayaan. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan menggenal pasti faktor pendorong dan kejayaan wanita dalam bidang usahawan di Kelantan. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kaedah kuantitatif bagi mengumpul data yang diperlukan. Kaedah kuantitatif menggunakan borang soal selidik dan diedarkan kepada 300 responden usahawan wanita Kelantan. Penganalisisan data menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS). Hasil dapatan menunjukkan faktor pendorong usahawan wanita melibatkan diri dalam perniagaan kerana ingin mengubah taraf ekonomi keluarga, minat dalam perniagaan, membantu ekonomi suami dan mewarisi bidang perniagaan daripada keluarga. Faktor kejayaan usahawan wanita pula disebabkan minat yang mendalam, perancangan teliti, ilmu perniagaan dan bersedia menanggung risiko. Faktor ini telah menjadikan ramai dalam kalangan usahawan wanita Kelantan mencapai kejayaan.
Learning to Write During the Covid-19 Pandemic at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya
The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the education setting accross the world. The Indonesian government decided to close all educational institutions as an effort to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Many schools also decided to change their learning strategy from face-to-face to online learning. Online learning in learning to write is felt to be very ineffective. To overcome this problem, teachers are required to be more creative in delivering material to students. In order for students to easily understand the learning material, the teacher must take advantage of learning media. Based on these thoughts, this article discusses learning materials and media during the Covid-19 pandemic at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya. The purpose of this qualitstive research is to describe (1) writing learning materials and (2) writing learning media at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data from this study was collected using documentation, questionnaires, and interviews. Results showed that the learning material for online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic was based on the Emergency Curriculum. The Emergency Curriculum is a simplification of the National Curriculum (2013) by streamlining learning materials up to 50%. The learning media used by SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya teachers including series pictures, poetry reading videos, story videos, Vicon, Google Meet, Sway, Google form, flat shapes, and color discs.
The Relationship between Language Proficiency and Critical Thinking Skills among Students in English Language Class
This research investigates the relationship between students’ English language ability and their critical thinking skills in English language class within the Thai context. The study involves 103 English major students and four English lecturers from the faculty of Education and Humanity and Social Sciences, Thaksin University. The data were obtained from the results of TOEIC Test, Cornell Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST), level X, questionnaires, students’ semi-structured interviews, and teacher ’individual interviews. The findings of the study revealed that students’ English language ability was at low level. 51% of the total students obtained scores of 350-495, which were at the Elementary Proficiency level, 29% were at Memorized Proficiency level. 19% were at 1+ Elementary Proficiency level. As for critical thinking skills, overall, the T- scores in critical thinking skills are mostly ‘average’ (T 45-54) or 33.98%. By considering individual aspects, the T-scores for Induction, Deduction and Credibility are also ‘average’ (T 45-54), accounting for 36.89%, 33.01%. and 47.57, respectively, excepted for the Assumption, where the T-scores are at a ‘fair’ level (T 35-44), representing 34.95%. However, this study demonstrated that critical thinking skill scores show significantly low correlation with language skills scores. A few students with higher ability in the English language were able to use their language advantage to answer the CCTTX. Therefore, more language and thinking skill trainings are necessary and more resources would be needed to find suitable methods in developing language ability and critical thinking skills of the students in the language classroom.
English Language’s Position in Multilingual Advertisements in the Coffee Capital of the Philippines
This paper aims to show the English language position in the multilingual advertisements or in the linguistic landscape (LL) of Amadeo, a segregated town in the Southern Tagalog, province of Cavite, Philippines. Considered as the coffee capital, the LL is examined in the light of the town’s multilingual language situation, and its ongoing economic challenges. The study covers 14 barangays as shape by ‘top down’ and ‘bottom-up’ forces in the context of the complex relationship among the languages used and the representation in the chosen coffee-related. Since English has been shown to be the most frequently used foreign language of the town especially in product advertisements, the researcher then goes on to define the degree of English language visibility, diversity, and its position in the labelling of store signs, coffee products, and emblematic structures in Amadeo’s LL. Using Sebba’s framework, it covers the grammatical, genre-specific, and visual/spatial units of a multilingual text. An extensive documentation of LL items was determined by frequency count. The results of the frequency count for each unit are reflected in the coding chart created. The English language’s informative and symbolic functions in the LL serve to communicate the coffee products’ essential features and details that make them entice for educated local and foreign tourists, while at the same time, exuding modernity, sophistication, and globalness. It is concluded that the town’s economy and tourism are the main forces that determine the spatial practice, symbolic construction, and language ideology of Amadeo as the coffee capital in Philippines.
Taksiran Zakat Pendapatan di Malaysia: Perlukah Penilaian Semula Kaedah Taksiran dengan Tolakan-Tolakan yang Dibenarkan
Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti realiti konsep hajat asliyyah yang digunakan sebagai asas pertimbangan bagi kaedah pengiraan zakat pendapatan dengan tolakan yang dibenarkan di negeri-negeri di Malaysia. Melihat kepada perbezaan yang wujud antara institusi zakat di setiap negeri dalam menafsirkan item-item tertentu sebagai hajat asliyyah atau sebaliknya, kajian ini melontarkan persoalan; mengapakah situasi ini berlaku dan bagaimanakah tafsiran yang tepat bagi hajat asliyyah dalam konteks zakat yang selari dengan situasi semasa dan bertepatan dengan maqasid syarak boleh dilakukan? Melalui kaedah deskriptif dan analisis ke atas teks-teks perundangan Islam, serta dibantu oleh data-data sekunder, kajian ini meneliti dan membandingkan realiti kaedah taksiran zakat pendapatan di sebahagian negeri di Malaysia dan konsep hajat asliyyah dari perspektif fiqh Islam dan maqasid. Kajian mendapati bahawa perbezaan tafsiran mengenai hajat asliyyahmenyebabkan jumlah pendapatan wajib zakat antara sebahagian negeri berbeza-beza yang mana individu dengan jumlah pendapatan tertentu mungkin layak mengeluarkan zakat pendapatan mengikut kaedah taksiran sebahagian negeri dan tidak dikenakan zakat mengikut kaedah taksiran negeri lain. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa konsep hajat asliyyah adalah dinamik kerana perkara yang dianggap perlu bagi setiap individu adalah berbeza-beza dan mungkin tidak akan berakhir pada satu garis sempadan yang jelas dan perlu diukur selari dengan realiti kehidupan individu dan masyarakat dalam konteks semasa dan setempat. Justeru, adalah menjadi keperluan untuk membina suatu parameter bagi hajat asliyyahyang dibina berdasarkan kajian yang bersifat kuantitatif dan statistikal bagi meneliti realiti dan mengukur manifestasi hajat asliyyah di dalam kehidupan masyarakat setempat supaya kaedah taksiran yang dilaksanakan lebih seragam dan dekat dengan kehidupan masyarakat.
Religious Practices among Malaysian Muslim during Pandemic: An Appraisal
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people throughout the world. It began in 2019 and is continuously spreading globally till today. This study has been conducted to see the Malaysian perception towards the pandemic. It identifies how people had performed religious practices before and during the first movement control order (MCO) which began in March 2020; this study also observes social practices among Malaysians after the first MCO. It reveals that there was a difference in the concept of practices during and after the MCO. Most Malaysians tend to be more disciplined in executing activities and in attempting to improve their religious practices during the MCO. It is suggested that many people could not abide by the standard operating procedure (SOP) after the MCO, whereby they continued with the normal pre-pandemic culture such as visiting relatives, family gatherings, going on vacations and many other social activities. This study concludes that consistency is integral in order to avoid the spread of COVID-19. This study also suggests that despite performing better spiritual practice, people should take physical precautions to help flatten the rising curve of the contagious disease.
The Use of Metadiscourse in Good Malaysian Undergraduate Persuasive Essays
Metadiscourse is used by a writer to organise his text and textually interact with the potential readers. An effective use of metadiscourse reflects the writer’s writing ability because it is one of the aspects in composing process of making a successful text. However, ESL writers especially undergraduates tend to face problems in using metadiscourse markers in their writing. Many of them do not use the metadiscourse markers appropriately in their essay writing. This preliminary study investigates the use of metadiscourse markers in good persuasive essays written by undergraduates from a public university in Malaysia. The corpus examined in the study was built from 195 persuasive essays written by the second year students at the university. The objective of this preliminary paper is to present the metadiscourse markers found in a corpus of good undergraduate writers’ essays. The markers are classified in the main categories (organisational and interpersonal discourse markers) and sub-categories based on Tan et al.’s (2012) simplified metadiscourse framework for ESL lay writers. Using a computer-mediated concordance software, this study aims to reveal the frequency of the metadiscourse markers use in a total of 195 good persuasive essays produced by Malaysian undergraduate writers. The findings presented in this paper are anticipated to be beneficial for other researchers who are interested in finding an example of metadiscourse markers usage in good persuasive essays.
Level of Life Ethics Compliance among Covid 19 Patients During the Quarantine Session at PKRC Jubli Perak Hall, Kota Bharu
Ethical compliance throughout the quarantine session at PKRC is important for the health of the group, cooperation with the authorities, and the national mission. The level of ethical compliance among Covid 19 patients was measured to review strategies to succeed in the subsequent appreciation of patients’ ethics. This study focuses on hygiene ethics, self-control, sociocultural, worship, fitness, and leadership. Equivalent observation method and proportional random interviews were used. The analysis was performed descriptively. Findings indicated that the level of patients' ethical compliance was moderately good. Hygiene ethics were reported as less consistent, similar to the patients’ self-control. This was due to the issues of adaptation and accommodation in new places as well as lack of self-awareness. Socio-culture was at a good level due to the patients’ population among the local population. Worship activities were also in a good range because of the conditions and facilities provided by the health providers. However, fitness ethics were reported as not good, due to the unfavorable facilities and situations at the quarantine center. Leadership was observed as moderate and some patients were perceived as individualistic. The use of a model of cultural change and A comprehensive collaboration with various parties, without a heavy reliance on the frontline workers, is needed to improve patients’ viability during Covid 19 quarantine session.