International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities (INSANIAH)
type: channel
description: International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities (INSANIAH) is a high-quality peer-reviewed, open-access research journal that is published online by the Faculty for Language Studies and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan.
publisher: Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
language: en
publication name: International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities (INSANIAH)
issn: 2637-0360
items: Kemiskinan Jiwa: Kajian terhadap Tahap Pengisian Jiwa Semasa Pandemik
items: Cabaran Memperkukuh Kesepaduan Sosial dalam Masyarakat Superdiversity di Malaysia
items: Anxiety In Oral Presentation Among ESL Students: Factors and Strategies
items: Titen: Kearifan Tempatan Masyarakat Jawa Ketika Menghadapi Bencana Alam
items: Faktor Pendorong dan Kejayaan Usahawan Wanita di Kelantan
items: Learning to Write During the Covid-19 Pandemic at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya
items: The Relationship between Language Proficiency and Critical Thinking Skills among Students in English Language Class
items: English Language’s Position in Multilingual Advertisements in the Coffee Capital of the Philippines
items: Taksiran Zakat Pendapatan di Malaysia: Perlukah Penilaian Semula Kaedah Taksiran dengan Tolakan-Tolakan yang Dibenarkan
items: Religious Practices among Malaysian Muslim during Pandemic: An Appraisal
items: The Use of Metadiscourse in Good Malaysian Undergraduate Persuasive Essays
items: Level of Life Ethics Compliance among Covid 19 Patients During the Quarantine Session at PKRC Jubli Perak Hall, Kota Bharu
items: Tahap Kefahaman Guru Bahasa Inggeris Terhadap Pedagogi Terbeza
items: The Role of Parents and Teachers in Shaping the Development of Students in Secondary Schools
items: The Reliability and Validity of Suburban School Leader Communication Style
items: Kepimpinan Autentik Guru Besar: Satu Analisis Pengesahan Faktor
items: Readiness of STEM Teachers to Implement STEM Education in Coastal Schools
items: Geome3 Smart Kit Meningkatkan Kefahaman Konsep Poligon Dalam Kalangan Murid Tingkatan 2 Al Bukhari
items: Pengaruh Guru Besar Dalam Penghayatan Kewarganegaraan Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Guru
items: Transformational Leadership of Head Teachers and Levels of Conflict Management of National School Teachers in City Districts
items: Level of Quran Reading Proficiency: A case Study of Arabic Language Students in Malaysia
items: The Level of Usage of Malay Language Learning Strategies Among Students in Chinese Universties
items: Using Strategies to Solve Problems in Translating Chinese to English Comics
items: Pemikiran Ibn Khaldun Tentang Rasionalisme Islam: Suatu Penelitian Ringkas
items: Implementation of Effective Teaching Methods in Teaching Tajwid al-Quran Among KAFA Teachers in Kedah
items: Language Policy from Functions to National Ethos: Consensus of Malay Linguist Experts
items: Exploring The Concept of Ihsan and The Intention to Donate Blood Among Male and Female Blood Donors
items: Students Feedback on Using Telegram in Speaking Practice During Self Learning Time
items: Occupational Literacy Practices Among Local Government Employees in Kwara State, Nigeria
items: Language Policy and Implementation in Africa: Panacea for Afrocentrism and Africanity

Kemiskinan Jiwa: Kajian terhadap Tahap Pengisian Jiwa Semasa Pandemik
type: item
description: Manusia dibekalkan dengan unsur rohani, jasmani dan intelektual dalam mengendalikan tugasnya sebaga hamba Allah. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat pelbagai masalah yang dikaitkan dengan isu kemiskinan jiwa yang mana ia berpunca daripada kegagalan mengendalikan hawa nafsu dalam kehidupan seharian. Kemiskinan jiwa menjadikan pelbagai masalah yang timbul, contohnya tekanan (depresi) dan kemurungan yang serius. Ia melanda masyarakat hari ini terutama apabila krisis pandemik COVID-19 yang melanda seluruh negara. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti aspek yang perlu diambil kira untuk mengelakkan kemiskinan jiwa. Ia juga bertujuan mengupas mengenai tahap amalan pengisian jiwa di kalangan masyarakat Islam sebelum dan dalam tempoh menghadapi isu terkini iaitu COVID-19. Kaedah yang diguna pakai dalam kajian ini adalah pengumpulan data iaitu kajian kepustakaan dan soal selidik kepada 195 masyarakat Malaysia yang terdiri dari beberapa kawasan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kenormalan (Normality Test) dengan menggunakan SPSS 23.0. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tahap amalan pengisian jiwa lebih tinggi dilakukan ketika berlaku krisis COVID-19. Beberapa elemen yang boleh diambil untuk mengelak daripada berlaku kemiskinan jiwa adalah melalui amalan keagamaan dan nilai baik yang ada pada setiap individu Muslim. Elemen ini mampu menangani dari berlaku kemiskinan jiwa di kalangan masyarakat seterusnya membantu ke arah kesejahteraan jiwa dalam menghadapi kesusahan di hari mendatang.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2021-11-30
publication date: 2021-11-30
starting page: 121
ending page: 131
doi: 10.47254/gwy6kt85

Cabaran Memperkukuh Kesepaduan Sosial dalam Masyarakat Superdiversity di Malaysia
type: item
description: Malaysia kini terdiri daripada masyarakat superdiversity yang berbeza bahasa, budaya, warna kulit, agama, adat resam dan sebagainya. Justeru, superdiversity ini menjadi cabaran kepada masyarakat Malaysia untuk memperkukuhkan kesepaduan sosial yang dikecapi hari ini. Mengurus masyarakat superdiversitybukan suatu perkara yang mudah kerana kerana ia memerlukan pelbagai pendekatan dan strategi supaya masyarakat dapat menerima serta membina hubungan bekerjasama. Pelbagai usaha yang dilaksanakan oleh pihak kerajaan dalam memantau hubungan masyarakat supaya tidak timbul konflik dan ketegangan. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti cabaran dalam memperkukuhkan kesepaduan sosial dalam masyarakat superdiversity. Artikel ini menggunakan kaedah pengumpulan data melalui kaedah kepustakaan untuk mendapatkan maklumat yang diperlukan dan analisis kandungan digunakan bagi tujuan penganalisisan data. Hasil dapatan mendapati cabaran dalam memperkukuh masyarakat superdiversity merangkumi aspek etnik, agama, budaya, sosioekonomi, politik dan pendidikan. Pendekatan yang bijaksana dan kerjasama daripada semua pihak diperlukan bagi menghadapi cabaran ini seterusnya mengekalkan kesepaduan sosial.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2021-11-30
publication date: 2021-11-30
starting page: 109
ending page: 120
doi: 10.47254/yr9wnm25

Anxiety In Oral Presentation Among ESL Students: Factors and Strategies
type: item
description: Oral anxiety is one of the factors that impede students’ speaking proficiency, and may create unpleasant learning experiences especially in an English as a Second Language (ESL) context. This paper is based on the pedagogical research which focuses on the factors causing ESL students’ anxiety in an in-class English oral presentation. The idea is to identify factors that cause ESL students to get anxious during in-class English oral presentation and to consider oral anxiety coping strategies that are effective for the students. The research is divided in two parts. The first part is literature review and second part is survey development which could be used to find out the ESL students’ oral anxiety with regards to in-class presentation. This paper will only be focusing on the first part of the research. The literature review in this paper was conducted around two research questions: 1) What are the factors that contribute to students’ anxiety in in-class English oral presentation, and 2) What are the strategies students use to reduce their anxiety in in-class English oral presentation? The review is based on previous published journal articles where the findings were compared to identify the best practices. The discussion from this literature review will be used as a basis for the researchers in developing survey in order to investigate the ESL students’ oral anxiety in in-class presentation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2021-11-30
publication date: 2021-11-30
starting page: 100
ending page: 108
doi: 10.47254/pr0knf91

Titen: Kearifan Tempatan Masyarakat Jawa Ketika Menghadapi Bencana Alam
type: item
description: Masyarakat Jawa adalah masyarakat yang telah lama wujud di Indonesia dan tergolong dalam salah satu kaum yang cukup besar di sana. Masyarakat Jawa telah lama dikenal sebagai masyarakat yang mempunyai budaya, kepercayaan, dan pengetahuan rohani yang tinggi yang dapat mengembangkan keharmonian antara dirinya dengan pencipta dan alam. Pengetahuan spiritual yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat Jawa dikenal sebagai Kejawen. Bencana alam adalah bencana yang tidak dapat dielakkan; namun, kedatangan mereka dapat diramalkan. Salah satu kearifan lokal orang Jawa adalah ilmu "titen," atau ilmu mengingat. Orang-orang Jawa dari zaman dahulu menggunakan pengetahuan ini untuk meramalkan berlakunya bencana. Orang-orang Jawa telah lama bersatu dengan alam dan dapat membaca tanda-tanda alam sebelum bencana berlaku. Pelbagai tanda semula jadi dapat dirasakan sebelum bencana, seperti letusan gunung berapi yang ditandai dengan turunnya haiwan, tanah runtuh yang ditandai dengan penggunaan tali, dan sebagainya. Kedatangan pandemi di suatu daerah dapat ditandai dengan komet di daerah tertentu, yang dikenal sebagai kemintang lintang. Walaupun kepercayaan terhadap tanda-tanda alam ini kelihatan tidak logik pada masa kini dengan teknologi moden, ia masih berlaku dan sesuai digunakan hari ini.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2021-11-30
publication date: 2021-11-30
starting page: 88
ending page: 99
doi: 10.47254/efcqt546

Faktor Pendorong dan Kejayaan Usahawan Wanita di Kelantan
type: item
description: Penglibatan wanita dalam bidang perniagaan semakin bertambah dan berkembang. Hal ini memberi kesan positif kepada ekonomi negara. Malah, kejayaan wanita telah membuka mata banyak pihak tentang kebolehan usahawan wanita dalam memperkasakan ekonomi negara. Usaha dan kegigihan dalam mengendalikan perniagaan membuktikan sifat kental dan kesabaran yang tinggi kerana bidang perniagaan memerlukan pelbagai strategi untuk mencapai kejayaan. Ramai golongan wanita melibatkan diri dalam perniagaan khususnya usahawan wanita di Kelantan yang mencipta pelbagai kejayaan. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan menggenal pasti faktor pendorong dan kejayaan wanita dalam bidang usahawan di Kelantan. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kaedah kuantitatif bagi mengumpul data yang diperlukan. Kaedah kuantitatif menggunakan borang soal selidik dan diedarkan kepada 300 responden usahawan wanita Kelantan. Penganalisisan data menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS). Hasil dapatan menunjukkan faktor pendorong usahawan wanita melibatkan diri dalam perniagaan kerana ingin mengubah taraf ekonomi keluarga, minat dalam perniagaan, membantu ekonomi suami dan mewarisi bidang perniagaan daripada keluarga. Faktor kejayaan usahawan wanita pula disebabkan minat yang mendalam, perancangan teliti, ilmu perniagaan dan bersedia menanggung risiko. Faktor ini telah menjadikan ramai dalam kalangan usahawan wanita Kelantan mencapai kejayaan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2021-11-30
publication date: 2021-11-30
starting page: 77
ending page: 87
doi: 10.47254/9bq36522

Learning to Write During the Covid-19 Pandemic at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya
type: item
description: The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the education setting accross the world. The Indonesian government decided to close all educational institutions as an effort to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Many schools also decided to change their learning strategy from face-to-face to online learning. Online learning in learning to write is felt to be very ineffective. To overcome this problem, teachers are required to be more creative in delivering material to students. In order for students to easily understand the learning material, the teacher must take advantage of learning media. Based on these thoughts, this article discusses learning materials and media during the Covid-19 pandemic at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya. The purpose of this qualitstive research is to describe (1) writing learning materials and (2) writing learning media at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data from this study was collected using documentation, questionnaires, and interviews. Results showed that the learning material for online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic was based on the Emergency Curriculum. The Emergency Curriculum is a simplification of the National Curriculum (2013) by streamlining learning materials up to 50%. The learning media used by SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya teachers including series pictures, poetry reading videos, story videos, Vicon, Google Meet, Sway, Google form, flat shapes, and color discs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2021-11-30
publication date: 2021-11-30
starting page: 66
ending page: 76
doi: 10.47254/124t0c13

The Relationship between Language Proficiency and Critical Thinking Skills among Students in English Language Class
type: item
description: This research investigates the relationship between students’ English language ability and their critical thinking skills in English language class within the Thai context. The study involves 103 English major students and four English lecturers from the faculty of Education and Humanity and Social Sciences, Thaksin University. The data were obtained from the results of TOEIC Test, Cornell Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST), level X, questionnaires, students’ semi-structured interviews, and teacher ’individual interviews. The findings of the study revealed that students’ English language ability was at low level. 51% of the total students obtained scores of 350-495, which were at the Elementary Proficiency level, 29% were at Memorized Proficiency level. 19% were at 1+ Elementary Proficiency level. As for critical thinking skills, overall, the T- scores in critical thinking skills are mostly ‘average’ (T 45-54) or 33.98%. By considering individual aspects, the T-scores for Induction, Deduction and Credibility are also ‘average’ (T 45-54), accounting for 36.89%, 33.01%. and 47.57, respectively, excepted for the Assumption, where the T-scores are at a ‘fair’ level (T 35-44), representing 34.95%. However, this study demonstrated that critical thinking skill scores show significantly low correlation with language skills scores. A few students with higher ability in the English language were able to use their language advantage to answer the CCTTX. Therefore, more language and thinking skill trainings are necessary and more resources would be needed to find suitable methods in developing language ability and critical thinking skills of the students in the language classroom.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2021-11-30
publication date: 2021-11-30
starting page: 52
ending page: 65
doi: 10.47254/vqebdk37

English Language’s Position in Multilingual Advertisements in the Coffee Capital of the Philippines
type: item
description: This paper aims to show the English language position in the multilingual advertisements or in the linguistic landscape (LL) of Amadeo, a segregated town in the Southern Tagalog, province of Cavite, Philippines. Considered as the coffee capital, the LL is examined in the light of the town’s multilingual language situation, and its ongoing economic challenges. The study covers 14 barangays as shape by ‘top down’ and ‘bottom-up’ forces in the context of the complex relationship among the languages used and the representation in the chosen coffee-related. Since English has been shown to be the most frequently used foreign language of the town especially in product advertisements, the researcher then goes on to define the degree of English language visibility, diversity, and its position in the labelling of store signs, coffee products, and emblematic structures in Amadeo’s LL. Using Sebba’s framework, it covers the grammatical, genre-specific, and visual/spatial units of a multilingual text. An extensive documentation of LL items was determined by frequency count. The results of the frequency count for each unit are reflected in the coding chart created. The English language’s informative and symbolic functions in the LL serve to communicate the coffee products’ essential features and details that make them entice for educated local and foreign tourists, while at the same time, exuding modernity, sophistication, and globalness. It is concluded that the town’s economy and tourism are the main forces that determine the spatial practice, symbolic construction, and language ideology of Amadeo as the coffee capital in Philippines.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2021-11-30
publication date: 2021-11-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 51
doi: 10.47254/9vdzag61

Taksiran Zakat Pendapatan di Malaysia: Perlukah Penilaian Semula Kaedah Taksiran dengan Tolakan-Tolakan yang Dibenarkan
type: item
description: Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti realiti konsep hajat asliyyah yang digunakan sebagai asas pertimbangan bagi kaedah pengiraan zakat pendapatan dengan tolakan yang dibenarkan di negeri-negeri di Malaysia. Melihat kepada perbezaan yang wujud antara institusi zakat di setiap negeri dalam menafsirkan item-item tertentu sebagai hajat asliyyah atau sebaliknya, kajian ini melontarkan persoalan; mengapakah situasi ini berlaku dan bagaimanakah tafsiran yang tepat bagi hajat asliyyah dalam konteks zakat yang selari dengan situasi semasa dan bertepatan dengan maqasid syarak boleh dilakukan? Melalui kaedah deskriptif dan analisis ke atas teks-teks perundangan Islam, serta dibantu oleh data-data sekunder, kajian ini meneliti dan membandingkan realiti kaedah taksiran zakat pendapatan di sebahagian negeri di Malaysia dan konsep hajat asliyyah dari perspektif fiqh Islam dan maqasid. Kajian mendapati bahawa perbezaan tafsiran mengenai hajat asliyyahmenyebabkan jumlah pendapatan wajib zakat antara sebahagian negeri berbeza-beza yang mana individu dengan jumlah pendapatan tertentu mungkin layak mengeluarkan zakat pendapatan mengikut kaedah taksiran sebahagian negeri dan tidak dikenakan zakat mengikut kaedah taksiran negeri lain. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa konsep hajat asliyyah adalah dinamik kerana perkara yang dianggap perlu bagi setiap individu adalah berbeza-beza dan mungkin tidak akan berakhir pada satu garis sempadan yang jelas dan perlu diukur selari dengan realiti kehidupan individu dan masyarakat dalam konteks semasa dan setempat. Justeru, adalah menjadi keperluan untuk membina suatu parameter bagi hajat asliyyahyang dibina berdasarkan kajian yang bersifat kuantitatif dan statistikal bagi meneliti realiti dan mengukur manifestasi hajat asliyyah di dalam kehidupan masyarakat setempat supaya kaedah taksiran yang dilaksanakan lebih seragam dan dekat dengan kehidupan masyarakat.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2021-11-30
publication date: 2021-11-30
starting page: 24
ending page: 35
doi: 10.47254/d8vdps10

Religious Practices among Malaysian Muslim during Pandemic: An Appraisal
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people throughout the world. It began in 2019 and is continuously spreading globally till today. This study has been conducted to see the Malaysian perception towards the pandemic. It identifies how people had performed religious practices before and during the first movement control order (MCO) which began in March 2020; this study also observes social practices among Malaysians after the first MCO. It reveals that there was a difference in the concept of practices during and after the MCO. Most Malaysians tend to be more disciplined in executing activities and in attempting to improve their religious practices during the MCO. It is suggested that many people could not abide by the standard operating procedure (SOP) after the MCO, whereby they continued with the normal pre-pandemic culture such as visiting relatives, family gatherings, going on vacations and many other social activities. This study concludes that consistency is integral in order to avoid the spread of COVID-19. This study also suggests that despite performing better spiritual practice, people should take physical precautions to help flatten the rising curve of the contagious disease.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2021-11-30
publication date: 2021-11-30
starting page: 13
ending page: 23
doi: 10.47254/gep89j80

The Use of Metadiscourse in Good Malaysian Undergraduate Persuasive Essays
type: item
description: Metadiscourse is used by a writer to organise his text and textually interact with the potential readers. An effective use of metadiscourse reflects the writer’s writing ability because it is one of the aspects in composing process of making a successful text. However, ESL writers especially undergraduates tend to face problems in using metadiscourse markers in their writing. Many of them do not use the metadiscourse markers appropriately in their essay writing. This preliminary study investigates the use of metadiscourse markers in good persuasive essays written by undergraduates from a public university in Malaysia. The corpus examined in the study was built from 195 persuasive essays written by the second year students at the university. The objective of this preliminary paper is to present the metadiscourse markers found in a corpus of good undergraduate writers’ essays. The markers are classified in the main categories (organisational and interpersonal discourse markers) and sub-categories based on Tan et al.’s (2012) simplified metadiscourse framework for ESL lay writers. Using a computer-mediated concordance software, this study aims to reveal the frequency of the metadiscourse markers use in a total of 195 good persuasive essays produced by Malaysian undergraduate writers. The findings presented in this paper are anticipated to be beneficial for other researchers who are interested in finding an example of metadiscourse markers usage in good persuasive essays.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2021
date: 2021-11-30
publication date: 2021-11-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.47254/k6g8dc37

Level of Life Ethics Compliance among Covid 19 Patients During the Quarantine Session at PKRC Jubli Perak Hall, Kota Bharu
type: item
description: Ethical compliance throughout the quarantine session at PKRC is important for the health of the group, cooperation with the authorities, and the national mission. The level of ethical compliance among Covid 19 patients was measured to review strategies to succeed in the subsequent appreciation of patients’ ethics. This study focuses on hygiene ethics, self-control, sociocultural, worship, fitness, and leadership. Equivalent observation method and proportional random interviews were used. The analysis was performed descriptively. Findings indicated that the level of patients' ethical compliance was moderately good. Hygiene ethics were reported as less consistent, similar to the patients’ self-control. This was due to the issues of adaptation and accommodation in new places as well as lack of self-awareness. Socio-culture was at a good level due to the patients’ population among the local population. Worship activities were also in a good range because of the conditions and facilities provided by the health providers. However, fitness ethics were reported as not good, due to the unfavorable facilities and situations at the quarantine center. Leadership was observed as moderate and some patients were perceived as individualistic. The use of a model of cultural change and A comprehensive collaboration with various parties, without a heavy reliance on the frontline workers, is needed to improve patients’ viability during Covid 19 quarantine session.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-05-31
publication date: 2022-05-31
starting page: 122
ending page: 133
doi: 10.47254/1anjqc69

Tahap Kefahaman Guru Bahasa Inggeris Terhadap Pedagogi Terbeza
type: item
description: Pelaporan Kurikulum menunjukkan peratus pencapaian Bahasa Inggeris yang rendah dalam peperiksaan akhir tahun 2019 bagi sekolah rendah dalam PPD Kota Bharu. Fokus Analisa pencapaian ditumpukan kepada murid Tahun 6. Pencapaian murid berkait secara langsung dengan kaedah pengajaran guru di dalam bilik darjah. Murid-murid Tahun 6 menunjukkan prestasi yang lemah dalam Bahasa Inggeris terutamanya penulisan. Pencapaian murid-murid adalah pada tahap sederhana (65.00%). Objektif kajian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan tahap kemahiran guru dalam PdP melalui aplikasi pedagogi terbeza. Penekanan diberikan kepada aktiviti yang dilaksanakan oleh guru dengan memberi keutamaan kepada aktiviti berpusatkan murid. Dalam konteks ini, masalah pencapaian Bahasa Inggeris yang rendah didapati berpunca daripada kelemahan PdP guru Bahasa Inggeris di bilik darjah. Kaedah yang digunakan didapati kurang berkesan dan tidak menarik minat murid untuk belajar. Proses bimbingan guru secara pemerhatian bersemuka di dalam bilik darjah dan temubual. Pengkaji membuat pemerhatian semasa guru mengajar di dalam kelas. Selepas PdP dilaksanakan, sesi temubual dan perkongsian amalan dibuat. Pemerhatian kedua dilakukan selepas rawatan diberikan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa Pedagogi Terbeza telah dapat membantu peningkatan kemahiran dalam kaedah mengajar guru. Guru telah dapat merancang satu sesi pengajaran yang berkesan dan melaksanakan aktiviti PdP dengan aktiviti-aktiviti berfokuskan murid yang menarik. Tahap keyakinan guru juga telah meningkat dan dapat menghasilkan video rakaman bagi sesi pengajaran yang telah dilaksanakan. Tahap pencapaian murid dalam Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah pada akhir 2020 didapati telah menunjukkan peningkatan yang sifnifikan. Hasil daripada kajian ini, pengkaji mencadangkan bahawa Pedagogi Terbeza telah dapat membantu guru dalam meningkatkan tahap kemahiran melaksanakan PdP yang berkesan, menyeronokkan dan menarik minat murid.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-05-31
publication date: 2022-05-31
starting page: 112
ending page: 121
doi: 10.47254/ex8bw375

The Role of Parents and Teachers in Shaping the Development of Students in Secondary Schools
type: item
description: Kehidupan remaja zaman kini dapat menyaksikan akhlak semakin direndahkan dalam pembentukan jati diri. Pelbagai perkara-perkara negatif telah mempengaruhi pemikiran remaja sehingga pembentukan diri sukar untuk dilaksanakan dengan berkesan. Oleh itu, tujuan penyelidikan ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenal pasti peranan ibu bapa dan guru dalam membentuk kemenjadian murid di sekolah menengah khususnya dalam aspek as-syaja’ah, al-iffah dan al-hikmah. Kaedah kajian tinjauan deskriptif secara kualitatif kajian kes telah dijalankan di salah sebuah sekolah menengah harian. Beberapa orang peserta kajian yang terdiri daripada pentadbir, guru dan ibu bapa pelajar terlibat dalam sesi temubual yang dijalankan. Kajian mendapati masalah yang dihadapi oleh Ibu bapa dan guru ialah faktor teknologi dan faktor kekeluargaan. Kesimpulannya, masalah dan cabaran yang telah dikemukakan dalam kajian ini amat penting untuk pembentukan kemenjadian murid supaya golongan ini dapat menjadi pemimpin yang bertanggungjawab pada masa akan datang.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-05-31
publication date: 2022-05-31
starting page: 100
ending page: 111
doi: 10.47254/pszny022

The Reliability and Validity of Suburban School Leader Communication Style
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to validate the construct and behaviours of communication styles among the school leaders in suburban school at Terengganu. In addition, the degree of the communication style of headmasters will be verified in this study. Before collected an actual data, the reliability test of 30 respondents was done. The finding indicated that the Alpha Cronbach values are achieved ranging 0.86 to 0.97. This cross-sectional study involved 278 respondents who completed an online questionnaire through Google Forms adapted from The Principals Communication Styles Questionnaire for Principals (PCSQP). After normality tests were run, a total of 179 data was selected to be analysed. Next, the data were analyzed using SEM AMOS successfully validated 22 of 28 behaviors of namely Aggressive, Assertive, Open, and Inclusive Communication Style. This finding illustrates the diversity of communication styles practiced among school leaders in suburban school. Furthermore, the validated behaviours in this study might help school leaders practise and assess their communication styles. However, it is recommended that further research be conducted in a wider location so that the findings of the study can be generalized.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-05-31
publication date: 2022-05-31
starting page: 87
ending page: 99
doi: 10.47254/x7rx6b15

Kepimpinan Autentik Guru Besar: Satu Analisis Pengesahan Faktor
type: item
description: Kepimpinan autentik merupakan salah satu bidang yang dibahas dalam literatur kepemimpinan moden sejak kebelakangan ini oleh penyelidik dan pengamal. Justeru itu, kajian kuantitatif secara tinjauan rentasan ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengesahkan dimensi kepimpinan autentik di sekolah rendah di daerah Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. Bagi mengumpul data kajian, soal selidik kepimpinan autentik diadaptasi daripada instrumen Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) diedarkan secara dalam talian kepada 289 orang guru yang dipilih secara rawak melalui teknik pensampelan rawak berlapis. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, statistik inferensi dan Model Persamaan Struktur (SEM) berbantukan perisian AMOS. Hasil dapatan CFA menunjukkan tiga dimensi dan 10 tingkah laku dalam kepimpinan autentik diterima dan disahkan. Selain itu, hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan kempat-empat dimensi kepimpinan autentik berada pada tahap sederhana. Akhir sekali, kajian ini berjaya membangunkan model pengukuran kepimpinan autentik. Diharapkan kajian ini dapat menyumbang kepada kemajuan amalan gaya kepimpinan guru besar yang supaya memberi kepuasan kerja yang optimum kepada para guru di sekolah rendah di daerah Kuala Nerus dan seterusnya dijadikan panduan kepada pihak KPM dan IAB dalam usaha melahirkan guru besar atau pengetua yang berkualiti tinggi dan disegani oleh semua lapisan masyarakat.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-05-31
publication date: 2022-05-31
starting page: 71
ending page: 86
doi: 10.47254/7ysfj187

Readiness of STEM Teachers to Implement STEM Education in Coastal Schools
type: item
description: STEM education is one of the programs given emphasis in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025. In this regard, the MOE is increasingly strengthening STEM education to attract more students to enter the STEM field at the school level. Therefore, this study aims to survey the readiness of Science, Mathematics, and RBT teachers to implement STEM education. This study is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional survey method. The instrument used was a set of questionnaires in the form of Google Forms. A total of 307 teachers from coastal primary and secondary schools in Kelantan were selected to be the study sample. Findings show that the level of readiness of STEM teachers implementing STEM education is moderate. While the level of knowledge and attitudes toward STEM education is high. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive relationship between teachers' readiness to implement STEM education with teachers' knowledge and attitudes towards STEM education for both teachers with less teaching experience (less than 5 years) and teachers with teaching experience (more than 5 years). In conclusion, teachers’ knowledge and attitudes influence teachers’ readiness in implementing STEM education. Teacher experience also affects teacher readiness, but not directly. Therefore, in order to increase the level of readiness of teachers, continuous training and professional courses need to be provided so that STEM teaching and learning are more effective and meaningful.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-05-31
publication date: 2022-05-31
starting page: 52
ending page: 70
doi: 10.47254/v610rn70

Geome3 Smart Kit Meningkatkan Kefahaman Konsep Poligon Dalam Kalangan Murid Tingkatan 2 Al Bukhari
type: item
description: Penguasaan pembelajaran geometri dalam matematik dikatakan membolehkan murid menyelesaikan masalah dan mengaplikasikannya dalam situasi dunia sebenar yang semakin kompleks. Namun penyoalan yang menggunakan elemen Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) telah membelenggu kebanyakan murid untuk menyelesai soalan pelbagai aras yang semakin mencabar minda. Kegagalan murid menguasai topik poligon secara menyeluruh mendorong pengkaji menggunakan pendekatan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (PdPc) berasaskan permainan (Game Based Learning) sebagai aktiviti pengukuhan. Objektif utama kajian adalah untuk melihat keberkesanan penggunaan GeoMe3 SMART Kit dalam meningkatkan kefahaman konsep poligon pelbagai aras dalam kalangan murid. Kajian ini melibatkan enam orang murid Tingkatan 2 dari SMK Putri Saadong, Bachok, Kelantan. Peserta kajian terdiri daripada dua orang lelaki dan empat orang perempuan. Reka bentuk kajian adalah dalam bentuk kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data-data kajian dikumpulkan melalui ujian pra dan pasca, analisis dokumen dan temu bual separa berstruktur. Dapatan kajian telah menunjukkan peningkatan min markah sebanyak 45.8 dalam ujian pasca berbanding dengan ujian pra. Seterusnya, dapatan temu bual daripada tiga orang murid mendapati peningkatan kefahaman dan keseronokan belajar dengan menggunakan GeoMe3 SMART Kit sebagai aktiviti pengukuhan. Koleksi kit GeoMe3 boleh ditambah dari semasa ke semasa mengikut keperluan bagi memantapkan isi kandungan permainan selaras dengan peningkatan tahap kognitif murid.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-05-31
publication date: 2022-05-31
starting page: 41
ending page: 51
doi: 10.47254/cdzkhq32

Pengaruh Guru Besar Dalam Penghayatan Kewarganegaraan Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Guru
type: item
description: Faktor kepimpinan sesebuah sekolah adalah penting dalam memupuk semangat kewarganegaraan guru bagi meningkatkan prestasi kerja guru. Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh guru besar dalam penghayatan kewarganegaraan guru terhadap prestasi kerja guru Sekolah Kebangsaan di daerah Kota Setar, Kedah. Reka bentuk kajian tinjauan berbentuk kuantitatif telah dipilih untuk kajian ini. Seramai 101 orang guru daripada lima buah Sekolah Kebangsaan dari daerah Kota Setar telah dipilih untuk kajian ini. Instrumen kajian Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) oleh Lo dan Ramayah (2009) digunakan untuk menganalisis dimensi-dimensi kewarganegaraan guru. Sementara pengukuran prestasi kerja guru di sekolah diukur dengan menggunakan soal selidik dalam instrumen Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire (TJPQ) oleh Saleem, Aslam, Hong dan Rao (2020). Kedua-dua alat ukur ini menggunakan skala Likert lima mata. Data kajian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 26 yang melibatkan analisis deskriptif, ujian- T sampel bebas, analisis varians ANOVA sehala, korelasi Pearson dan regresi Stepwise. Dapatan regresi stepwise menunjukkan dimensi kesungguhan dan dimensi kesopanan (r = .721, r2 = .521, p < .05) merupakan peramal kepada prestasi kerja guru Sekolah Kebangsaan di daerah Kota Setar. Dapatan kajian kertas penyelidikan ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pemimpin sekolah sebagai panduan dalam menilai aspek kewarganegaraan guru dalam membangunkan tahap kompetensi guru di sekolah. Selain itu, dapatan kajian kertas penyelidikan ini juga boleh menjadi rujukan asas untuk meningkatkan pelbagai aspek kewarganegaraan guru seperti kebajikan sivik, kesungguhan, altruisme dan kesopanan yang mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat kuat dengan prestasi kerja guru bagi meningkatkan prestasi kerja guru dan pencapaian sekolah secara keseluruhannya.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-05-31
publication date: 2022-05-31
starting page: 27
ending page: 40
doi: 10.47254/ybaefx26

Transformational Leadership of Head Teachers and Levels of Conflict Management of National School Teachers in City Districts
type: item
description: The school is under a coherent and uniform education system but is composed of different leadership lines assisted by teachers who learn teaching using the same system and syllabus according to their respective options. What teachers will go through is working under diverse leadership styles and climates. The transformational leadership style is oriented to the existence of a climate conducive to subordinates. This study aims to identify the level of transformational leadership practice of headmasters, the level of conflict, differences significance of teachers according to gender, age and experience and the relationship between transformational leadership of headmaster and conflict among teachers of Sekolah Kebangsaan di Daerah Kota Setar. The study involved 30 respondents consisting of teachers Sekolah Kebangsaan di Daerah Kota Setar. The study variables were tested using descriptive statistics and inferences involving mean scores, standard deviations, independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVAs dan Pearson correlation. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0 for windows. The findings show that the transformational leadership of the headmasters (Min = 4.20; SD = .58 ) and the teacher conflict management (Min = 3.60; SD = .46 ) are high. Pearson's correlation analysis found that ten dimensions of headmasters’ transformational leadership had NO significant relationship with teacher conflict management. Finally, the findings of this study are expected to contribute significantly to the body of knowledge by highlighting the relationships among the variables involved. The findings of this study can also be used by certain parties to realize school excellence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-05-31
publication date: 2022-05-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 26
doi: 10.47254/xjz5zv83

Level of Quran Reading Proficiency: A case Study of Arabic Language Students in Malaysia
type: item
description: The importance of mastering the recitation of the Qur'an among Muslims has prompted many researchers to study the level and ability of reciting the Qur'an, especially among Muslim students. The present study was conducted to examine the ability to read the Quran among students taking Arabic language courses at one of the public universities located in the East Coast, Malaysia. This quantitative study uses two methods, namely reading test and questionnaire survey method for the purpose of data collection. Respondents for the study were selected using purposive sampling technique. A total of 36 respondents were involved in this study. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results of descriptive analysis showed that the majority of respondents are weak in reading the Quran. The results of the survey also indicated that only 10.6 percent of the respondents obtained excellent scores (A and A-) in Arabic for the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) while less than half (38.9 percent) of respondents obtained excellent scores in the UBA 2012 Arabic course. The ability to speak in Arabic is also associated with the ability to read the Quran. Thus, future studies can be conducted to find out the relationship between achievement in Arabic language proficiency with the ability to read the Qur'an among students as well as the existence of other indicators that can affect the ability to read the Qur'an.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-04-30
publication date: 2022-04-30
starting page: 100
ending page: 111
doi: 10.47254/24qg1435

The Level of Usage of Malay Language Learning Strategies Among Students in Chinese Universties
type: item
description: The Malay language has been widely used in China since the Ming Dynasty. Now more and more universities in China have offered Malay language courses as a main subject and Chinese students are facing proficiency problems in learning Malay language. Therefore investigating a set of language learning strategies for students is important for Chinese students. As such, the purpose of this paper is to examine the frequency of use of the Malay language learning strategies used by Chinese students when learning Malay in terms of memory, cognitive, compensation, meta-cognitive, affective and social strategies. Oxford’s strategies classification will be practiced in this study. This study will analyze based on the theoretical framework of Oxford which divides strategies into 6 main categories, namely memory, cognitive, compensation, metacognitive, affective and social strategies. A total of 80 students taking Malay language courses of Yunnan Minzu University has been selected as respondents. This study are using the quantitative method which adapted from established questionnaire and was translated into Malay and Chinese. The findings of this study indicate that metacognitive strategy is the strategy most commonly used for Chinese students when learning Malay and these results also reflect Chinese students more consciously in Malay language learning. This finding is somewhat aided by Malay language students and Malay language education in China.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-04-30
publication date: 2022-04-30
starting page: 85
ending page: 99
doi: 10.47254/3wghfc29

Using Strategies to Solve Problems in Translating Chinese to English Comics
type: item
description: Comics are required to be translated “accurately” and “appropriately” in order to have the intended message transferred effectively by the translator to the target language receiver. However, problems in comic translation and the effective strategies used in this type of translation, particularly in Chinese-English language pairs, are still under-explored. This paper investigated the problems in translating Chinese comics to English as well as the effective strategies used in the process of translating the comics. Taran’s (2014) and Celotti’s (2014) frameworks were adapted to analyze 71 out of 200 comic strips. The comic strips were selected purposively and consisted of visual and verbal messages. The findings showed that the major problems in translating comics are technical and linguistic problems, while most of the strategies (five out of six) were found effective in the comic translation. The results indicated that identification of the types of problems and exploring the process in which the strategies could assist in translating linguistic paratexts and onomatopoeias in comics in a more sensible and acceptable way. This study has some theoretical and practical implications for translators, students and researchers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-04-30
publication date: 2022-04-30
starting page: 74
ending page: 84
doi: 10.47254/0wkmav25

Pemikiran Ibn Khaldun Tentang Rasionalisme Islam: Suatu Penelitian Ringkas
type: item
description: This paper briefly discusses Ibn Khaldun’s philosophical and rational construction of Islam and its compelling argumentative discursive as set forth in his classical works such as kitab al-‘Ibar, Al-Ta‘rif, Tahrir al-Ahkam, and al-Muqaddimah. This works expressed his highly rational outlook that developed critical and rational understanding of religious and moral premises. It also summarized its dynamic ground that contribute to expound instructive discussion of related ideas and themes. The study is based on library research using content analysis and analyzed through analytical and descriptive approaches. The finding concludes that Ibn Khaldun has bring forth rational interpretation of history based on unique philosophical and socio-cultural analysis introduced in his al-Muqaddimah. Tahis characteristic approach of rational ideal has significantly impacted Islam’s modern history and intellectual tradition. His rational and argumentative principle has largely influenced the works of contemporary Muslim thinkers such as Malik Bennabi, Rashid Ghannouchi and Muhammad Asad.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-04-30
publication date: 2022-04-30
starting page: 56
ending page: 72
doi: 10.47254/17mdz632

Implementation of Effective Teaching Methods in Teaching Tajwid al-Quran Among KAFA Teachers in Kedah
type: item
description: This study discusses the effective teaching methods used by Al-Quran and Fardu Ain (KAFA) class teachers in teaching al-Quran tajwid in Kedah as stipulated by the Malaysian Standard Teacher (SGM). The KAFA program is a concept of religious education at the primary level to support and strengthen the existing Islamic education that has been set in the implementation of national education. The emphasis given in the program is the aspect of Quranic reading skills with tajwid and strengthening the basics of fard ain among primary school students, including knowledge of Arabic and Jawi writing skills. This study involved 210 teachers who teach in KAFA schools in Kedah. In general, this study used a quantitative design based with descriptive method and questionnaire as a research tool. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability level for all sections in the questionnaire was also high (> 0.9). Finally, the data was analyzed descriptively using SPSS software version 22 to obtain the frequency, percentage, mean score, and standard deviation. The results showed that the implementation of effective teaching methodology of KAFA teachers is at a moderate and high level. This study is expected to help teachers and school administrators to improve the quality of teaching, especially in the subject of tajwid al-Quran to be able to produce effective and excellent teaching.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-04-30
publication date: 2022-04-30
starting page: 40
ending page: 55
doi: 10.47254/sv96ew79

Language Policy from Functions to National Ethos: Consensus of Malay Linguist Experts
type: item
description: Malaysia's language policy has declared Malay as the national and official language. However, in facing the uncertain future, measures are taken where some of the language ethos; the value codes regulating the social life of multiracial Malaysians should be implemented accurately. This study discusses six ethos of Malay language which are: (i) Malay as the national language, (ii) Malay to shape national identity, (iii) Malay to foster patriotism, (iv) Malay to nurture nationalism, (v) Malay as the symbol of national dignity, and (vi) Malay as the national image. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was implemented in this study using the Delphi technique. 10 experts in the field of Malay linguistics were selected as informants. In the first round, the study was conducted through interviews to gather views regarding the ethos of Malay language. Next, the consensus among experts is obtained through Median Calculation and Inter-Quarter Range (JAK). The results found are 30 elements which consists of 5 main elements for each of the six themes presented. The featured themes are Malay as the national language, as a symbol of national identity, to foster patriotism, to nurture nationalism, to represent national dignity and as a symbol of the national image. Overall, six themes and 30 elements were proposed and agreed upon by ten experts from Malay linguistics. This is important as a framework of reference to ensure the continuity of the national ideas and strengthen the present national language policy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-04-30
publication date: 2022-04-30
starting page: 27
ending page: 39
doi: 10.47254/6qgsz542

Exploring The Concept of Ihsan and The Intention to Donate Blood Among Male and Female Blood Donors
type: item
description: The act of blood donation is known as one of selfless behaviour towards the other human being. The action is vital to help those in need, either in during emergencies or periodically. However, the concept of ihsan which derived from a combination of altruism, charity and self-identity as a blood donor has yet to be explored in the study of blood donation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the concept of ihsan and the intention to donate blood among university students involved in blood donation. Respondents were recruited from a local university in Selangor. A total of 166 blood donors answered an online questionnaire pertaining to the motivation to donate blood. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using varimax rotation found that there are five items grouped in one component, namely ihsan. As for descriptive analysis, the result showed that female blood donors displayed a higher mean score (M = 3.90, sd = .66), as compared to male blood donors (M=3.78, sd = .62). Finally, Hierarchical Multiple Regression (enter method) analysis revealed that ihsan (B = .336) is significantly correlated to the intention to donate blood (R2 = .062, F change (1, 163) = 5.37, p < .01, after controlling the aspect of gender . In other words, the concept of ihsan that resembles positive values such as altruism and charity leads to the intention to donate blood among university students, regardless of their gender. Campaign on blood donation should promote the concept of ihsan to strengthen the intention to donate blood among young people in a university setting as it encourages positive values among young people.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-04-30
publication date: 2022-04-30
starting page: 16
ending page: 26
doi: 10.47254/3p297511

Students Feedback on Using Telegram in Speaking Practice During Self Learning Time
type: item
description: This paper provides insights into students’ views on the use of Telegram for development of speaking skills in the context of SLT in Malaysian tertiary education. Data gathered from questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive statistics whilst data from the interviews was analyzed using a content analysis approach. The findings revealed that while the students display positive attitudes in using Telegram, the activities conducted have to be properly guided. The findings also showed that students do not only focus on the usability of the Telegram as a tool, but the language content delivered through the tool. This study suggests that instructors have to properly plan the integration of Telegram in SLT and provide clear instructions to students. Instructors also need to incorporate a variety of activities using Telegram to increase participation, and consider revising the content of the lesson to fit the affordances of Telegram to ensure the mastery of speaking.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-04-30
publication date: 2022-04-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 15
doi: 10.47254/ef581c15

Occupational Literacy Practices Among Local Government Employees in Kwara State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study analysed occupational literacy practices among local government employees in Kwara Central Senatorial District, Nigeria. It also investigated the influence of gender, religion, job specialisation, length of service, worker cadre and location on the literacy practices of local government employees. The research type adopted for this study was a descriptive survey of the cross- sectional type. The population for the study comprised all the local government employees in Kwara Central Senatorial District, Nigeria. Three hundred and ninety-four (394) local government employees were sampled for this study, based on the selected Local Government Areas. The data collected were analysed using the descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. A researcher-designed questionnaire, comprising sections A and B, was used for data collection. The instrument used was subjected to a test-retest method and found to have a reliability coefficient of 0.76’ The findings of the study revealed that document literacy, prose literacy and quantitative literacy were the most common occupational literacy practices among local government employees, with document literacy as the most common one. It further discovered that there was no significant difference in the occupational literacy practiced by male versus female local government employees. Also, religion, specialisation, length of service and work cadre had no influence on their literacy practices, while there was, however, a significant difference in the occupational literacy practices of urban versus rural local government employees. Based on these findings, it was recommended that civil servants should be given opportunities to participate in occupational literacy programmes, such as workshops, writing journal articles, writing memo and further studies that would help to improve their literacy practices both for increased productivity as well as for self-improvement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-10-31
publication date: 2022-10-31
starting page: 90
ending page: 103
doi: 10.47254/67t4mp39

Language Policy and Implementation in Africa: Panacea for Afrocentrism and Africanity
type: item
description: The paper attempts to explore language policy and its implementation as panacea for blurred Afrocentrism and Africanity. The language issues in Africa form a basic content and context in the continent which has many languages, ethics and religions. Thus, many countries in the continent are multilingual, heterogeneous, pluralistic, multicultural, and multi-religious. Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium and Portugal, colonized Africa, later leaving their respective languages behind in the colonies. By that, African languages had contact with the colonial languages, such as English, French and Portuguese, which remained exogenous which with more prestigious roles and status than African indigenous languages. The foreign and colonial languages continue flourishing in the African soil and characterise the continent as a diglossia community thereby making a majority of Africans victims of backlash, code-mixing, code switching and anomie, and leading to the shift in, loss and death of the African indigenous languages. Without any feeling and act of linguistic nationalism, ethnocentrism and Afrocentrism, This paper is foregrounded in theoretical and empirical studies on language planning, policy and implementation across four African countries colonised by Britain and France and therefore attempts to provide pragmatic measure for enhancing Afrocentrism and Africanity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-10-31
publication date: 2022-10-31
starting page: 76
ending page: 89
doi: 10.47254/3h4pcf18