Faktor dan Implikasi Perkahwinan Tanpa Kebenaran di Negeri Kelantan

Abstract

ABSTRACT    

Unauthorized marriages refer to marriages that are considered invalid under the Islamic Family Law Enactment in Malaysia. According to reports issued by the relevant authorities, the number of unauthorized marriage cases has been on the rise year after year, particularly in Kelantan. A total of 1,600 cases were recorded in 2021, which increased to 2,095 cases in 2022. This increase has raised concerns among religious authorities regarding the validity of these marriages, the protection of the rights of the spouses and children, as well as the long-term impact on family institutions. The objective of this study is to identify the factors and implications of unauthorized marriages in Kelantan, while also analyzing the statistics of such cases at the Syariah Prosecutor's Office in Kelantan. This study adopts a qualitative approach using case analysis methodology. Data collection was carried out through literature review, official documents, and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using a thematic analysis approach. The findings of the study reveal that while unauthorized marriages are deemed valid under Islamic law, they violate legal provisions. The factors contributing to unauthorized marriages include obstacles in the marriage registration procedure, documentation issues, and a lack of literacy regarding marriage registration. The study concludes that unauthorized marriages have negative implications for the wife, children, family, guardianship, inheritance, and both religious and legal institutions. The increasing number of unauthorized marriage cases between 2019 and 2023 warrants serious attention, particularly from religious authorities and family institutions, to raise public awareness about the importance of complying with Islamic legal provisions and ensuring stricter and more consistent enforcement of the law.  

ABSTRAK    

Perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran merupakan satu bentuk perkahwinan yang tidak sah menurut Enakmen Undang-undang Keluarga Islam di Malaysia. Berdasarkan laporan yang dikeluarkan oleh pihak berautoriti, kes perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran menunjukkan peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun terutamanya di Kelantan. Sebanyak 1600 kes direkodkan pada tahun 2021 meningkat 2095 kes tahun 2022. Peningkatan ini menimbulkan kebimbangan dalam kalangan pihak berkuasa agama terhadap kesahihan perkahwinan, perlindungan hak pasangan dan anak-anak serta kesan jangka panjang terhadap institusi kekeluargaan. Objektif kajian ini mengenalpasti faktor dan implikasi perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran di Kelantan. Dalam pada itu, menganalisis statistik kes perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran di Jabatan Pendakwaan Syariah Negeri Kelantan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah analisis kes. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui rujukan kepustakaan, dokumen rasmi, dan temu bual. Manakala analisis data menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati hukum perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran adalah sah dari sudut syarak namun melanggar peruntukan undang-undang. Faktor berlakunya perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran disebabkan kekangan prosedur perkahwinan, masalah dokumentasi dan kurang literasi berhubung pendaftaran perkahwinan. Kajian merumuskan perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran memberi implikasi negatif terhadap isteri, anak, keluarga, perwalian, pewarisan, institusi agama dan perundangan. Peningkatan kes perkahwinan tanpa kebenaran dalam tempoh lima tahun (2019-2023) memerlukan perhatian serius terutama pihak berkuasa agama dan institusi kekeluargaan. Hal ini bagi meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat tentang kepentingan mematuhi perundangan Islam yang ditetapkan serta memastikan penguatkuasaan undang-undang yang lebih ketat dan konsisten.