Well-Being and Stress: Comparison Between Full-Time Employees and Freelancers Graphic Designer in Malaysia

Abstract

The rapid rise of the gig economy has contributed to freelancing becoming a popular employment choice, especially in creative professions such as graphic design. While freelancing is often assumed to enhance well-being and reduce stress compared to full-time employment, empirical evidence remains limited. This study investigates differences in well-being and stress levels between full-time and freelance graphic designers in Malaysia. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms, targeting respondents in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. A total of 200 responses were obtained (104 freelancers and 96 full-time employees). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U test due to non-normal distribution. Results indicated no statistically significant differences in well-being and stress levels between the two groups. These findings challenge prevailing assumptions about employment type and mental health outcomes, offering new insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the creative and gig economy sectors.