A comprehensive review of shorebird distribution in Malaysia: Identification of coastal Important Bird Areas (IBAs) and assessment of the IBAs qualifying shorebird species.

Abstract

Although coastal habitats play a vital ecological role in supporting migratory shorebirds, comprehensive reviews of shorebird populations in Malaysia are still lacking. Existing studies are primarily focused on single Important Bird Areas (IBAs) and typically cover a broad range of avifauna across various ecosystems, including terrestrial, wetland, and coastal zones, due to the diverse habitats often present within a single IBA. Consequently, the current understanding of shorebird distribution, abundance, and habitat along Malaysia's coast remains fragmented and poorly characterized.  This review aims to highlight the distribution patterns of shorebird species throughout Malaysia, drawing on previously published records from various online academic sources. It also provides an overview of the qualifying shorebird species identified by Birdlife International that are found across coastal zones in Malaysia. The review was intended to serve as a foundational reference for future shorebird conservation efforts in the country.