Practices and challenges in Pijanga (Glossogobius giuris H.) fishing across Lake Mainit, Philippines

Abstract

Lake Mainit is the fourth-largest Lake in the Philippines, playing a crucial role in the lives of local fishermen who rely on Pijanga fishing as their primary source of income. This study examines the livelihood practices and challenges of fishermen, using semi-structured questionnaires administered to 90 respondents. The data collected were tabulated in frequency and percentages. Point-biserial and Spearman's rho correlation tests were utilized to determine the significant relationship between practices and socio-demographic variables using Jamovi, an open statistical software. The findings showed that their primary way of catching fish is by using a modified cast net at 65.56% followed by Gillnets and spears at 36.67% and 12.22%, respectively. Most of the challenges they encountered were related to natural disasters (83.33%), adverse weather conditions (57.78%), and problems with boat or fishing equipment (35.56%). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between age of the respondents and the variables of full-time fishermen (p=0.210), catch per kilo per fishing (p=0.904), percentage sold of Pijanga (p=0.559), and percentage of consumed Pijanga (p=0.651). Fishermen believed that pijanga fishing is a sustainable practice at 77.78% and they are aware of the prohibition of catching small fish (91.11%), prohibition of using small nets (71.11%), and banning of dynamite fishing (10%). Despite this, 51% of the respondents also believed the possibility of pijanga fishing ban in the lake. Pijanga fishing faces a range of challenges, including adverse weather, pollution, and regulatory constraints. Fishermen view pijanga fishing vital to their livelihood and community well-being. Addressing these challenges requires strong cooperation between local authorities, environmental groups, and other stakeholders to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of the Lake.