A Blockchain-Based Framework: Enhancing Authorship and Academic Integrity in Architectural Design Education

Authors

  • M. Galieh Gunagama Islamic University of Indonesia
  • Mhd Hafiz Karami Mhd Zain Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47252/teniat.v14i1.1580

Keywords:

Academic Integrity, Architectural Education, Authorship, Blockchain, NFT, Plagiarism

Abstract

Architectural design education faces increasing challenges in verifying authorship and preventing plagiarism, particularly with the rise of digital tools such as BIM and CAD. Traditional plagiarism detection systems are inadequate for visual and process-based outputs, making originality difficult to authenticate. This study adopts a Design-Based Research (DBR) approach to conceptualise two blockchain-enabled frameworks tailored for architectural education: 1) the Blockchain-Based Product Collection, which archives and verifies student submissions across semesters, and 2) the BlockchainConnected BIM, which logs design process data through command histories on a blockchain ledger. Both systems aim to enhance transparency, traceability, and multi-lecturer supervision while fostering academic integrity. Unlike existing models that focus solely on credentialing or post-submission validation, these framework embed authorship protection throughout the design process. The study provides a theoretical foundation for future prototype development and encourages interdisciplinary collaboration to realise a scalable, ethically grounded solution for design education. By securing both the outcome and the process, these frameworks offer a new paradigm for fostering creativity, accountability, and originality in the digital studio environment. 

ABSTRAK

Pendidikan reka bentuk seni bina kini berdepan dengan cabaran besar dalam mengesahkan hak cipta dan mencegah plagiat, terutamanya dengan peningkatan penggunaan alat digital seperti BIM dan CAD. Sistem pengesanan plagiat tradisional tidak sesuai untuk menilai hasil kerja visual dan berasaskan proses, menjadikan keaslian hasil kerja sukar untuk dibuktikan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Design-Based Research (DBR) untuk mencadangkan dua rangka kerja berasaskan blockchain yang disesuaikan untuk pendidikan seni bina: 1) Blockchain-Based Product Collection, yang mengarkib dan mengesahkan penyerahan pelajar dan 2) the Blockchain-Connected BIM, yang merekodkan data proses reka bentuk melalui sejarah arahan dalam lejar blockchain. kedua-dua sistem ini bertujuan meningkatkan ketelusan, kebolehkesanan dan penyeliaan berbilang pensyarah sambil menggalakkan integrity akademik. Tidak seperti model sedia ada yang hanya menumpu kepada pengesahan selepas penyerahan, rangka kerja ini melindungi hak cipta sepanjang keseluruhan proses reka bentuk. Kajian ini menyediakan asas teori untuk merealisasikan penyelesaian yang boleh diskala dan beretika dalam pendidikan reka bentuk. Dengan melindungi hasil dan proses, rangka kerja ini menawarkan paradigma baharu untuk memupuk kreativiti, akauntabiliti dan keaslian dalam persekitaran studio digital. 

Author Biography

  • M. Galieh Gunagama, Islamic University of Indonesia

    Gunagama is a lecturer at the Department of Architecture Universitas Islam Indonesia since 2016 with research interests in digital architecture, experimental architecture, and tourism planning. With more than 9 years of teaching experience, he has succeeded in guiding students to perform their best achievements in architectural design competitions both at home and abroad. Known as a person who is flexible and sociable, able to support the development of studies, and focuses on the best results for students. Have a good ability to motivate and cooperate with students in developing skills. Frequently collaborates with students in preparing for architectural exhibitions, both offline and virtual exhibitions.

    He is an Assistant Professor who earned his bachelor’s in architecture at Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta in 2009 and a master of science in architecture and tourism planning at Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta in 2015. He currently serves as Head of Laboratory of Form and Place Making in Department of Architecture UII.

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Published

31-03-2026

How to Cite

A Blockchain-Based Framework: Enhancing Authorship and Academic Integrity in Architectural Design Education. (2026). International Journal of Creative Future and Heritage (TENIAT), 14(1), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.47252/teniat.v14i1.1580