WARISAN TEMBIKAR TRADISIONAL MELAYU DI PAHANG

Abstract

Kajian ini meneliti tentang sejarah dan perkembangan kegiatan pembuatan tembikar tradisional Tembeling yang dijalankan di Kampung Pasir Durian dan Temin Kraf di daerah Jerantut, Pahang. Kegiatan ini bermula di Kampung Pasir Durian sejak sekian lama manakala perusahaan di Temin Kraf pula merupakan satu kesinambungan terhadap kegiatan ini. Kajian terdahulu terhadap tembikar tradisional di Malaysia mendapati kegiatan ini disaingi dengan kewujudan perubahan cara pembuatan menggunakan teknik dan peralatan moden yang menyebabkan aktiviti pembuatan secara tradisional menggunakan tangan mulai terhakis. Pada masa yang sama jumlah pengiat semakin berkurangan dan tidak banyak kajian ilmiah yang menyentuh perkembangan kegiatan ini. Penyelidikan ini merupakan satu kajian kualitatif yang merakamkan secara deskriptif kegiatan tembikar tradisional Tembeling di negeri Pahang. Seramai 3 orang penggiat tembikar dari Kampung Pasir Durian dan Temin Kraf telah dipilih secara purposive sampling sebagai peserta kajian. Bagi mencapai objektif kajian, pengutipan data telah dilakukan melalui kaedah pemerhatian, temu bual dan analisis dokumen. Analisis data telah telah dibuat secara deskriptif dan interpretasi (Ragans, 2000). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kegiatan penghasilan tembikar tradisional Tembeling di Kampung Pasir Durian semakin terancam kerana kebanyakan penggiat sudah tidak aktif atas faktor usia serta ketiadaan generasi pelapis yang berminat. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat usaha daripada Temin Kraf yang meneruskan penghasilan dengan menggunakan teknologi moden.

This study examines the history and development of the traditional Tembeling pottery making in Kampung Pasir Durian and Temin Kraf in Jerantut, Pahang. The cultural practice had begun in Kampung Pasir Durian since a long time ago whereas the industry of Temin Kraf is an extension of the cultural activities. The previous studies on traditional pottery in Malaysia found that this cultural practice was threatened by the change in the way of modern equipment and techniques used that resulted in the decline of the traditional craftsmanship by. At the same time, there is a decrease in the number of activists and not many scientific studies touch on the development of these activities. This research is a qualitative study with descriptive records of Tembeling traditional pottery in Pahang. Three pottery makers from Kampung Pasir Durian and Temin Kraf were selected through purposive sampling as the participants in the research. To achieve the objectives of the study, data collection was done through observations, interviews and document analysis. Data analysis was done descriptively and interpretatively (Ragans, 2000). The findings show that traditional pottery production in Kampung Pasir Durian Tembeling is increasingly being threatened because most makers are not active due to the age factor and the young generations show no interest. However, there are efforts from Temin Craft to help continue the production by using modern technologies.